Ab Week 8 Flashcards
Toxic effects
.
Background
Study biochemistry for metabolic effects,
Toxic substances, like fugu, puffer fish, deth like fish (tetrodotoxin). Drugs like LSD,
Water intoxication!
Too much anything lead to supression of something, lol. Pharmacology is poison of something.
Dopamine 80% of brains care choline, produced in two places.
One towards frontal and other towards Limbic. For schiz too much Limbic, not enough in frontal. Differential tracts, not accounted for by many drugs.
At least 5 types of dopamine receptors.
Synthesis, storage, release, reuptake, synapse cycle
Pharmacology
Chlorpromazine
Drug:
Antipsychotic drug began as a antihistamine. Went through the history, starts with one guy in 1952 builds. By 1960 50 million.
More than sedative effect, changes thought and reduce social problems,
Issue of drug, lewd to deinstitutionalization.
Effects:
decrease positive symptoms like hallucinations.
Extrapyramidical symptoms, lack of dopamine, produced.
—->
Amphetamine psychosis
Look paranoid scz, but take amphetamines —> psychoses.
So giving it, leads to people get worse! Shows muck around with dopamine,
Blocking d2 receptor blocking in these drugs, created a lot of problems. Others now block d4 receptors.
Scz ppl have more d2 (3x) and d4 (6x)
Dopamine and ADHD and drug abuseq
May actually exist in children and adults.
Dsm 3 types, inattention or hyperactivity or combined.
Very subjective definitions, great variability and little reliability.
But do asked to be diagnosed in two different settings.
More males than females, most get pharmacological treatment. Increase as kids get older. Large pop.
Misdiagnosis and com orbidity, mdd, anxiety, learning disability and anx.
Long term? Not good. All aspects of living do worse.
Evidence for dopamine?
Stimulants, rivaling adiral etc. used with these kids. 80% effective! recently though shows it is not long lasting!
Brain imaging, reduced dopamine.
Suggests, dopamine is removed too quickly genetic allele.
Series possibilities, produce problem of dopamine in frontal lobes.
Iq goes up, interacts with genetic variable, drd4 allele —> externalizimg behaviour.
DRUG ABUSE
crushed Ritalin could be abused.
D1 D5 antagonist reduce cocaine a use, alcohol. Remeber study.
Deplete precursors works too…
Self administration links to Limbic system, approach behaviour!
Dopamine agonists, decreases inhibition, sort of, likely to self administer drug.
Cocethyline, ***
More of a buzz
Shows how drugs effect us, in combination, create problems lead to other issues. Sought out dopmine activation. Co one and wine.
INERT SUBSTANCE WILL LEAD TO RELEASE OF DOPAMINE
So just showing the tools or other condition effect stuff, release dopamine. Wow.
The oxytocin story
The love hormone, well. Sort of.
Prairie vole. Monogamous.
Level of oxytocin differs. From mountain vole, reduced oxytocin.
Social interaction
pair bonding.
Anti stress
Health promotion. Hmmm
Ex.
Better bond with natural birth, higher oxy helps.
Knock out studies mice, social pair bonding differs, relat aggression scores.
Women, periods distress, need to bond further demonstrated change in oxytocin, hormone level.
Increase seratonin without drugs by? Think positively Light (SAD) sun lights Exercise to fatigue Faces too I guess in the morning! Tryptophan from us though, skip turkey lol
The brain and abnormal behaviour
CNS
ans
James Lang theory of emotion:
We feel emotion because of our body’s reaction. Due to ans
Discounted, but panic —> feedback loop.
Physiologic symptoms interpreted in a y to get a feedback loop.
Depends on physicL interpretation of sit,
The Limbic system
.
Stress and the brain
.
Reading on need for shift from behavioural symptoms diagnosis to neurobiological
Note issue of false positive,
Remedie,d by non pharmacological approaches like video games good anyways,
Predictive or preemptive, greate,r outcomes, comparison to chd. Also adolescamts gene,tic ally predisposed need the help. Mental disorders and substance abuse account for most deaths at young ages around world
Reading on sex, dev of depression
Attenuation of prefrontal, amygdala, , hippocampus, though amygdala grows in females as does nucleus axcumnens. Striat all unsure, put amen fails to Ttentuate in depressed. Shows that they’re may in fact be bio neurological markers for depression. Longitudinal study helped debunk so,e ideas. Had issues with mechanics, puberty, size, power, and some other things. But was fairly convincing. Unsure if clinically it could be used yet, needs more replications
Mental disorders in child hood
Neuro developmental disorders,
Not really behavioural.
ADHD, asd, psychosis
Need early intervention
Pro drone? Before disorder manifests.
Predict depression adolescence articel revisited presentation
Thinning of prefrontal hypothesized,
4 waves
High co orbidity for anxiety disorder,
Results
No changes in prefrontal region.
Females esp. Hippo, putamen,
Glutamine in patients with scz
Glutamien and ratio to glutamate higher.
Glutamine increase with age, and choline nac for smokers.
Greater symptoms greater glutamine.
Childhood maltreatment articel
Physical and emotional neglect.
Maltreatment greater effect than substance abuse,
But no increased volume in brain regions. Decreases grey matter.
Maltrpreatment shorter tim to lapse.
Severity makes it worse.
Predisposed to mental disorde if maltreated. Altered learning mechanisms, como rid substance abuse
Looking at brain and LIMBIC SYSTEM (which means border)
Primitive brain, amygdala, hippo,
The four F
Feeding
Fight fleeting
Fucking engaging in reproductipm
Crocodile brain.
Amygdala imp. Rela to medial orbital
Amygdala responsible for?
Think fight flight survival.
Anxiety common problem, a warning.
Default actions of Amy is to label stimuli, unless told things are not fearful. Place cells. Registered. Nuts anxiety idea leads to feel.
Cope with fee, light and lesion and animal studiesl
Video, anxious come from word angus tau means to narrow.
More receptors leads to fear inhibition
