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Abnormal PSYC 1 > Week 14 > Flashcards

Week 14 Flashcards

0
Q

Symptoms of depressions

A

Beck depression inventory
Physical factor: appetitive, sleeping sex drive correlate only about .23-.25. No directionality.

Affective,
Central to depression, hopeless blue sad guilty

Cognitive
Can’t concentrate, loss self esteem.

Motivational
Suicide is the extreme, engaging in activity is gonna change nothing.no sense of control..

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1
Q

Historical view of mood disorders.

A

Ancient times,
Hellenic age, black bile physical disorder.
Medieval
Thermionic possession, blood letting. Talking too!

Renaissance
Science

19th 20th century.

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2
Q

Prevalence, of depression is high. Large problem.

A 
A quarter of ladies likely to be depressed at some point in life. 
For men it is half that for women, 
5-9 w 2-3 m any given time. 
80% untreated. 
Usually onset in late teens.

Problem, unrecognized.
Chronic, episodic disorder!

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3
Q

Average duration of depression

A

6-9m, if untreated.

People get better if left alone, huge range though.

Length 2 weeks to several years.

If you have one, you have a 60% cahnce of having another.
And for each additional, episode ha ne increases for another by 10 %

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4
Q

Depression is. Heterogeneous disorder.

A

Several types.
Endogenous, exogenous.
Bipolar,
Manic like, hypo manic.

Know the diagram.

No directionality in physical symptoms.

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5
Q

Correlation depression and guilt

A

Mediocre to weak at .23
No way critical to cureent definition to deeps ion,
Critical to psychoanalytic theories.

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6
Q

Manic depressed more likely to

A

Commit suicide.
Also harder to treat because they like the condition.
Brought to u when they cause trouble.

Arts society, so productive during manic phase, kill themself during depressive phase. Esp. For arts ppl in Britain.

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7
Q

Seasonal pattern disorders depression

A

Une light therapy. 2500 lux

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8
Q

Gender differences dep.

A 
1. No dif. 
Prevail ece is an artifact
Argue MASKED DEPRESSIon
 Antisocial behaviour. In men, women display depression differently. 
May be true,
  1. Cultural
    Sexual abuse, pressure on women, job family kids. Etc.
  2. Biological
    Estrogen tranquilizer and testosterone stimulates, but it is more than that.
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9
Q

Hormones

A

See slide and note

No diff in pet scans, in happiness or anger,
But women, 8x greater response to sadness.

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10
Q

Women saw themselves as more

A

Stress and irrational than men. Sleep pro lames,

Men use alcoholic anger aggression,
Men risk take.
Women, lose interest,

See dif in behavioural responses.

Reacting stereotypically.

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11
Q

Comprison to heart disease in day lost in years and

A

Cost.

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12
Q

Cognitive attributions of stressful life event mens.

A

Create a huge interaction see diagram,

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13
Q

Uow depression evolves.

Runs in families.

A

Bip highlight heitable.

Severe vs mild quite different.

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14
Q

Biochemically.

A

Cra bologna
Dopamine, norepinephrine, stimulate, initiate behaviour.
Serotonin,

Trytophan metabolism in major depression,

5-ht effects physical aspects of depression.

Trytophan depletion recreates depression,

Serotonin turnover in brain in depressed is much more rapid.
Actually not just serotonin. Dopamine tt variant with high maternal rejection. Increased likely hood of being depressed.
Also note serotonin and eRly expereince. Ss allele childhood maltreatment.

Anterior I cingulate. Inverse rela. Grey matter. And depressives. .

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15
Q

Psychological theories of depression,

A

Psychoanalytic, learned helpless and

Reinforcers,

16
Q

Imagined loss then guilt felt. But guilt only accounts for 20%

A

Leads to depression according to psychoanalytic theory,
But
Has a clear relat to dolling love, conditional leading to controlling life unhappy. Hmm.

17
Q

Depressed mom did not condition to mom voice, or depressed person. But could recognize.

A

Non depressed mom!

Depressed mom conveyed in voice.
Even at 4m

18
Q

Bahvriojal theory,

A

Learned helplessness ess.
Shuttle box.
Response, protest, despair.

Responding is independant of reinforcement,
Don t even try, think cannot cH gne anything.

Cloud feeling of failure, fixed mindset.

19
Q

Lain sons theory of depression,

A

Low rate of positive reinforcement.

Self fulfilling prophecy.

But problem with model regarding scz, who do not fit it.

20
Q

Beck!s cognitive triad

A

Negative view of self, world, and future.

Shadowing task. Depressed individuals, listen seltively to depressed stuff. So appears to be a matter of selective attention rather than distortions of reality!
Ppl distort reality, are normal people. Fatal sit view world sucks.

Depressed see eg active stuff in daily life. Women see it more says pihl.

21
Q

OCD 3 models

A

Cognitive, behavioural, biological

Know def:
And
Treatment.

22
Q

Definition of OCD

A

Recent thoughts repetitive, realize they are irrational!
(If not psychotic behaviour. )

Obsessions
Thoughts
Compulsions
Behaviours

Uncertainty remains the “doubting disease”

Ex. Of OCD given. Always checking…

23
Q

Dsm diagnostic criteria. Q

A

Obsessions compulsion, time consuming and cause distress. Imp. Cuz most of us have obsessions or compulsions.
Intrusive, unwated, causing anxiety and did Distress,

COMPULSIONS
LIKE AVOIDnce response.

24
Q

OCD ex.

A 
Harm to others, and checking
Contamination and washing and cleaning. 
1/3 of OCD clients. 
Hoarding. 
2-6% of pop. 
 Rela. To over purchasing, problem of living space.

Sexual/religious obsessions

25
Q

Prevalence, without hoarding.

A

2-5% lifetime.
Occurs late teens, earlier in males, there by 20’s
Large survey variability.

British study ex.
1 month previous. 1.1%
Com orbidity. 62% had. Depression and gad, social phobi? 1/4 attempted suicide.

Note: intrusions are normal phenomena
85-90% ordinary ppl. In past month.

Students 10-25% compulsive behaviour.

26
Q

Oc spectrum D

A 
Linked to other disorders. see slide. 
Emphasizes comobrodity of OCD. 
Highest with depression., 
Hard to say causation, common disorder leads to depression, 
Anx. Also frequent
27
Q

Biological model, basis for OCD

A

Genetic
8x more likely to occur within family. 12% likelihood.

Physical disorders, epilepsy, brain trauma, concussion,
Often develop OCD. Even strep infections. Hostile neural antibodies near caudate (near ventricle and cc)
Get OCD through autoimmune disorder demonstrating multiple pathways to this disorder similar idea for others.

Variations 5ht, glutamate, white matter
Serotonnin drugs first choice.

Circuit issue, area gets smaller, causing circuit blockage.

Or surgery.
Capsulotomy.
Dealing with sever patients.

28
Q

Neurbioological model

A

Chaste nucleus,
Ancient grooming hoarding link. Old brain area.

Need to review using mind map.
Read directly from slides.

Ex. Study reward punishment.
Less activity linked to reward, in caudate, lateral frontal, imaging data of mental block. Volumes of grey matter lower tool. Caudate is smaller! Imp. Caudate to orbital frontal deficit.
Different OCD, different brain issues shown in slides. ,
Structural abnormalities and functional abnormalities demonstrate do not do as well as controls.

29
Q

Behavioural model of OCD now?

A

Like anx and phobias.
Ways to control arousal.

ArousL emminate lack of control of certain brain structures, generalized to many contexts.

  1. Control asproussal through avoidance.

Difficult to treat as it prevents new learning.

  1. Symbolic undoing. Imp.

Experience, guilt, symbolic substitution, undoing act, compulsive act. Macbeth wash hands ex.
Some reassurance and relief. From this though.

Saw study of copying unethical story preferred cleaning product as a choice from another.

  1. Family factors that are gross generalizations
    Tendency for highly verbal but not communicative,
    Overly positive evaluation of etiquette.
    Private: social isolation and withdrawal, cold
    Emphasis on cleanliness
    Instrumental (sphincter) morality.
  2. Superstitious behaviour.
    Non consequential to consequential learning.
    It’s intermittant reinforcement.
    Pigeon example. Wear dirty sock. Get reinforced. Like panic dis. Generalize association once chance association.
30
Q

Symbolic undoing. Imp.

A

Experience, guilt, symbolic substitution, undoing act, compulsive act. Macbeth wash hands ex

Also saw study. reporting dirty deeds, led to volunteer to do social work. Morality and cleanliness. And behaviour.

31
Q

Cognitive model

A

Sympathetic to behavioural and biological models.

Over importance of thought (obsession) need to control thoughts which is excessive, ove arousaed, high intolerance for uncertainty.
Perfectionist ic,
Responsibility and cannot cope with emotional discomfort.
Arousal is that much more problematic.

32
Q

Integrative model of OCD

A

See slide. Great mind map.

33
Q

Treatmentfor for OCD.

A

Ssri, but, 40% do not respond.
Only works moderately at best.

Treatment last resort
Capsulotomy.

Radiation to uses to lesson brain, decreasing OCD behaviour, only moderately. But were severe to begin with.

Exposure response prevention!
Like panic disorders.
Expose, prevent compulsive response, demonstrate anx. Will reduce.
Of course you need to decontexualzie I guess too.

7080% can maintin gains after a year. VRy much improved.

Great, use music to relax?

34
Q

New roses for dsm 6

A

Electile disfunction
Pr etraumatic stress disorders, worried about beoming trauma
Reverse paranoia, belief you are following somebody, more people are following other in Canada.
Dubiophilia
Post mature ejaculation
Cannot evaluate before other person does. Problem if meet another.

35
Q

Noah

A

How u see yourself matters most

Funny story.

Abnormal PSYC 1 (15 decks)

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