Week 8- Thermoregulation and Thermal stress

Question 1

What is the normal resting temperature of humans?

Answer 1

36.5-37.5 degrees

Question 2

In the heat, what can core temperature safely rise to?

Answer 2

40degrees

Question 3

In the cold, what can core temperature safely decrease to?

Answer 3

35 degrees

Question 4

What is core temperature?

Answer 4

temperature of the hypothalamus, the thermoregulatory centre of the body

Question 5

How can core temperature be assessed?

Answer 5

-oesophageal temperature
-rectal temperature
-stomach temperature
-oral temperature
-tympanic temperature

Question 6

What is the human skin temperature?

Answer 6

32-35degrees

Question 7

What is the cool mean skin temperature?

Answer 7

<30degrees

Question 8

What is the warm mean skin temperature?

Answer 8

30-34.9degrees

Question 9

What is the hot mean skin temperature?

Answer 9

> 35degrees

Question 10

What does the homeostatic maintenance of body temperature require?

Answer 10

operation of temperature sensors (peripheral and central thermoreceptors) and regulated effectors

Question 11

How is body temperature maintained?

Answer 11

by balancing heat loss and gain

Question 12

What are the mechanisms for heat conservation/production?

Answer 12

-shivering thermogenesis
-voluntary muscular activity
-non-shivering thermogenesis

Question 13

What are the mechanisms for heat loss?

Answer 13

-blood reaching the skin
-sweating

Question 14

What is the most challenging environment for exercise?

Answer 14

humid and hot

Question 15

What changes when performing aerobic exercise in a hot environment?

Answer 15

-increase demand on heat loss mechanisms (skin blood flow and sweating)
-reduced gradient between core and skin and therefore core temperature increases

Question 16

What is the result of dehydration?

Answer 16

-exacerbates heat stress impacts
-decreases sweat rate and plasma volume
-further decrease in cardiac output, maximum oxygen uptake, muscle strength and work capacity

Question 17

What are examples of heat illnesses?

Answer 17

-heat cramps
-heat exhaustion
-heat stroke

Question 18

When is core body temperature classified as hypothermia?

Answer 18

below 35degrees

Question 19

what is a 2 degree drop associated with?

Answer 19

maximal shivering

Question 20

what is a 4 degree drop associated with?

Answer 20

ataxia and apathy

Question 21

what is a 6 degree drop associated with?

Answer 21

unconsciousness

Question 22

What does cold acclimatisation result in?

Answer 22

-lower skin temperature at which shivering begins
-increased non-shivering thermogenesis
-maintains higher hand and foot temperature- improved peripheral flow
-improved ability to sleep in the cold