Week 1- control of internal environment Flashcards
control of the internal environment
What is basic research?
systematic study of fundamental topics in biology
What is translation research?
bench-to-beside application of research findings
What is applied research?
studies designed to solve practical problems
What is homeostasis?
a fundamental principle of body function
All variables must operate in a narrow range of values
Homeostasis of one variable is not independent of other variables
What is steady state?
physiological variable is unchanging, but not necessarily ‘normal’
What is dynamic constancy?
changes in arterial blood pressure at rest
What causes arterial blood pressure to change but mean pressure to always be constant?
Baroreflex responses and kidney function
What is it called when body temperature reaches a plateau?
steady state
What are the intracellular control systems?
-Protein synthesis/breakdown
-Energy Production
-maintenance of stored nutrients
What are the organ control systems?
-Pulmonary and circulator system
-Replenish oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
What is a biological control system?
a series of interconnected components that maintain a physical or chemical parameter at a constant value
What is the role of a sensor?
to detect a change in variable
What is the job of the control centre?
to assess the input and initiate a response
What is the job of an effector?
Changes in internal environment back to normal
What does a negative response do?
reverses the initial disturbance in homeostasis
What does a positive response do?
increases the original stimulus e.g. child birth
What is gain?
degree to which a control system maintains homeostasis
How is temperature regulated?
-thermoreceptors send message to the brain
-response by skin blood vessels and sweat glands
How is blood glucose regulated?
insulin
How is cellular homeostasis regulated?
stress proteins
-repair damaged proteins to restore homeostasis in response to change in temp, pH and radicals
What is a major test for homeostatic control?
exercise
What is adaptation?
change in structure and function of cell or organ system, resulting in improved ability to maintain homeostasis
What is acclimation?
adaption to environmental stresses resulting in improved function of existing homeostatic system
What is hormesis?
process in which a low-to-moderate dose of potentially harmful stress results in beneficial adaptive response on the cell or organ system
What is exercise-induced hormesis?
what we know about exercise-induced adaptation on the body
What is cell signalling?
-communication between cells using chemical messengers
-coordinates cellular activity
-important for maintaining homeostasis
What are the 5 different cell signalling pathways within the cell?
- Introcine signalling- CM inside the cell triggers a response
- Juxatcin signalling- CM passed between two connected cells
- Autocrine signalling- CM acts on the same cell
- Parocrine signalling- CM acts on nearby cells
- Endocrine signalling- CM (that are hormones) released into the blood (effects the cell with a specific receptor to the hormone)
