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Physiology > Week 3- control of movement- structure and function > Flashcards

Week 3- control of movement- structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nervous system coordinate with?

A

endocrine system

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2
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

nerves outside of the CNS

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4
Q

What are sensory diversion?

A

afferent fibres transmit impulses from receptors to CNS

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5
Q

What are Motor diversions?

A

efferent fibres transmit impulses from the CNS to effector organs

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6
Q

What is the resting potential of the cell?

A

negative (polarised)
–40 to -75

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7
Q

What is the magnitude of the resting membrane potential determined by?

A

-permeability of plasma membrane to ions
-difference in ion concentration across the membrane

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8
Q

What does the sodium potassium pump do?

A

moves 2 potassium in and 3 sodium out

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9
Q

when does an action potential occur?

A

when a stimulus of sufficient strength depolarises the cell

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10
Q

What does an action potential cause?

A

opens sodium channels so the inside of the cell becomes more positive

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11
Q

What is repolarisation?

A

returning to resting membrane potential
-potassium leaves the cell rapidly and sodium channels close

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12
Q

What is the all-or-nothing law?

A

once a nerve impulse is initiated, it travels the length of the neuron

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13
Q

What does the membrane potential depolarise from?

A

-70mv to 30mv

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14
Q

What do excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) promote?

A

neural depolarisation in two ways, temporal and spatial summation

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15
Q

What is temporal summation?

A

rapid, repetitive excitation from a single excitatory presynaptic neuron

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16
Q

what is spatial summation?

A

summing EPSP from several different presynaptic neurons

17
Q

What do inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) cause?

A

hyperpolarisation (more negative resting potential) so it resists depolarisation

18
Q

What are the joint proprioceptors?

A

-free nerve endings- touch and pressure
-Golgi type receptors
-Parcinian corpuscle

19
Q

What are the muscle proprioceptors (mechanoreceptors)?

A

-muscle spindles
-Golgi tendon organ

20
Q

What is proprioception?

A

The sense of the body’s position in space based on specialised receptors that reside in the muscle, tendons and joints

21
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

sensors that provide information about joint angle, muscle length and tension which is integrated to give information about the position of the limb

22
Q

What do muscle spindles respond to?

A

change in muscle length

23
Q

What do muscle spindles consists of?

A

-intrafusal fibres
-gamma motor neurons
-stretch reflex

24
Q

What is the function of muscle spindles?

A

assist in the regulation of movement and maintain posture

25
Q

What is the role of the Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)?

A

monitor force development in muscle preventing muscle damage during excessive force generations

26
Q

What does the stimulation of GTO result in?

A

reflex relaxation in muscle- inhibitory neurons send inhibitory postsynaptic potentials to muscle alpha motor neurons

27
Q

What are muscle chemoreceptors sensitive to?

A

changes in the chemical environment surrounding a muscle i.e. changes in pH, CO2 and K

28
Q

What are muscle chemoreceptors important for?

A

regulation of cardiovascular and pulmonary responses

29
Q

What are the different types of motor units?

A

-Type 1(smallest, slowest)
-Type IIA(fast, fatigue resistant)
-Type IIX (fast, fatigable)

30
Q

What muscle fibre type is recruited first?

A

Type I–> Type IIA –> Type IIX

31
Q

What is the cerebrum/cerebral cortex responsible for?

A

-reception of sensory inputs
-organisation of movement
-storage of learned experiences

32
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

control of movement and integration of sensory information

33
Q

What is the brainstem responsible for?

A

cardiorespiratory function, locomotion, muscle tone, posture, receiving information from special senses

34
Q

Where is the brainstem?

A

Midbrain

35
Q

What are the functions of the brainstem?

A

body movement
controlling responses to sight
eye movement
pupil dilation
hearing

36
Q

What is the medulla oblongata involved in?

A

control of automatic function, relaying signals between brain and spinal cord and coordination of body movements

37
Q

What is the pons involved in?

A

sleep
control of automatic function
relays sensory information between cerebellum and cerebrum

38
Q
A

Physiology (24 decks)

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