Week 2- neuroendocrinology Flashcards
What is the nervous system?
uses neurotransmitters to relay messages from one nerve to another
What is the endocrine system?
releases hormones into the blood
What are endocrine glands?
release hormones directly into the blood (ductless)
What are hormones?
bind to a specific protein receptor to exert their effect
What are the classes based on chemical makeup?
-Amino acid derivatives
-Peptides/proteins
-Steroids
What determines the effect of a hormones on a tissue?
Plasma concentration and the number of active receptors
What is plasma concentration determined by?
-rate of secretion of hormone from endocrine gland
-rate of metabolism
-quantity of transport proteins
-changes in plasma volume
What does the magnitude of hormone-receptor interaction depend on?
-concentration of hormone
-number of target receptors on the cell
-affinity of the receptor hormone
What are the mechanisms of hormone action?
- activation of genes to alter protein synthesis
- activating ‘second messengers’ in the cell via G protein
- altering membrane transport
What translocates from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane so glucose can enter the cell?
GLUT4 transports
What does the hypothalamus control?
secretions from the pituitary gland
What does the anterior pituitary gland release?
-ACTH
-FSH
-LH
-MSH
-TSH
-GH
-Prolactin
What does the posterior pituitary gland release?
Oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone
What is the function of the antidiuretic hormone?
reduce water loss from the body to maintain plasma volume
What stimulates the release of the antidiuretic hormone?
high plasma osmolarity and low plasma volume due to sweat loss without water replacement
