Week 6- circulatory responses to exercise and special circulations

Question 1

What vessels does macrocirculation occur?

Answer 1

-conduit arteries
-feed arteries

Question 2

What vessels does microcirculation occur?

Answer 2

-resistance arterioles
-terminal arterioles
-capillaries

Question 3

What are the different potential influences of the vasculature?

Answer 3

-neural
-hormonal
-metabolic
-EDRF

Question 4

What does myogenic mean?

Answer 4

everything stays in equilibrium

Question 5

What is hyperaemia?

Answer 5

blood flow increases in relation to the metabolic activity of a tissue/organ

Question 6

What happens when tissue hypoxia occurs?

Answer 6

vasodilation

Question 7

What happens when there is an increase in carbon dioxide?

Answer 7

vasodilation

Question 8

What happens when the pH decreases?

Answer 8

lactate production, protons produced, allows for vasodilation

Question 9

What are other ways of metabolic regulation of resistance vessels?

Answer 9

-lactate production
-breakdown products of ATP
-potassium
-osmolarity

Question 10

What do endothelial cells release?

Answer 10

nitric oxide which enters vascular smooth muscle

Question 11

What occurs when nitric oxide enters the vascular smooth muscle?

Answer 11

CGMP release

Question 12

What does Viagra allow for?

Answer 12

prolonged effects of CGMP, vasodilatory effects last for longer

Question 13

What vessels allow for sympathetic vasoconstriction?

Answer 13

-conduit arteries
-feed arteries

Question 14

What vessels allow for EDRFs (endothelial derived relaxing factor)?

Answer 14

-conduit arteries
-feed arteries
-arterioles

Question 15

What vessels allow for metabolic vasodilation?

Answer 15

-arterioles
-feed arteries

Question 16

What does the cardiac output to skeletal muscle change to during exercise?

Answer 16

80-85% from 15-20% at rest

Question 17

What does skeletal muscle vasodilation cause?

Answer 17

decrease in vascular resistance

Question 18

What is hyperaemia?

Answer 18

the magnitude of vasodilation in proportion to the size of recruited muscle mass

Question 19

What percent of total blood volume is in the splanchnic region?

Answer 19

20-25%

Question 20

What does constriction in the splanchnic circulation cause?

Answer 20

the addition of blood volume into the circulation back to the heart increasing venous return

Question 21

What does the skin (cutaneous) detect?

Answer 21

pressure
temperature changes
touch

Question 22

What controls skin blood vessels?

Answer 22

sympathetic neural control

Question 23

What is an adrenergic vasoconstrictor?

Answer 23

-non-hairy skin
-noradrenaline as neurotransmitter

Question 24

What is a cholinergic vasodilator?

Answer 24

-hairy skin
-acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter

Question 25

What does cold stress lead to?

Answer 25

vasoconstriction

Question 26

What does heat stress lead to?

Answer 26

vasodilation

Question 27

When exercising in heat where is the blood flow shifted to and from?

Answer 27

from the core to the surface

Question 28

What happens when filling of the heart is decreased?

Answer 28

vasoconstriction occurs to maintain blood pressure