week 8/1 > leg and ankle regions Flashcards
what is the big toe known as
hallux
what is the upward movement of foot at the ankle joint called
dorsiflexion
what is the downward movement called
plantar flexion
turning in the foot inwards at the intertarsal joint
inversion
turning the foot outwards
eversion
what type of classification is the tibiofibular joint
superior, synovial sliding
what type of classification is the ankle joint
synovial hinge
ligaments of the ankle joint
laterally anterior and posterior
- talofibular > laterally anterior.
- posterior > calcaneofibular
movements of the ankle joint
- dorsiflexion > anterior leg muscle
- plantarflexion > lateral and posterior leg
relationship between the ankle joint
- anteriorly > tendons of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus, the long saphenous vein, dorsalis pedis artery and deep peroneal nerve
lateral relationship of the ankle joint
- behind the lateral malleolus peroneus brevis and longus
- cutaneously > sural nerve and the short saphenous vein
- superficially > peroneal retinaculum and three lateral ligaments
posterior relationship of the ankle joint
- tendon of gastrocnmieus and soleus
medial relationship of the ankle joint
- medial malleolus
- contents of the tarsal tunnel named tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon,
posteriorly > tibial artery, tibial nerve and the tendon of flexor hallucis longus
MUSCLES OF THE LEG
anterior
lateral
posterior
ANTERIOR LEG MUSCLES
- arise from the fbula on the lateral leg
- tibialis anterior
extensor hallucus longus and extensor digitorum longus pass anterior to the ankle joint
nerve: deep peroneal
LATERAL LEG MUSCLES
Arise from the fibula on the lateral leg
- superior and superficial peroneus (fibularis) longus
- more inferior and deeper > peroneus fibularis brevis
where do the lateral leg muscles pass
- behind the ankle joint and behind the lateral malleolus and attach to the base of the first and fifth metatarsal
nerve of the lateral leg muscles
superficial peroneal nerve
POSTERIOR LEG MUSCLE
superficial > gastrocnemius and soleus
gastrocnemius arises from the femoral condyles and soleus from the posterior leg
they join to attach to the calcaneus of the foot
what does the gastrocnemius muscle flex
knee joint and both pass behind the joint and plantarflex it
what does gastrocnemius help define
popliteal fossa
DEEP MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR LEG
superiorly > popliteus
medial to lateral > flexor digitorum longus
LEG AND ANKLE REGIONS IN BIPEDAL WALKING
two important examples of movements occur in late stance and early to mid swing
late stance
- plantar flexion by the posterior leg muscles (tibial nerve)
being on two feet > stance foot becoming more rigid and toe flexion contributes a second occurence of the thrust
