week 4/2 > upper limb nerves #2

Question 1

two groups of nerves

Answer 1

cranial and spinal cord

Question 2

cranial nerves

Answer 2

• 12 pairs attached to the brain (mainly brainstem) cranial nerves

Question 3

spinal cord nerve

Answer 3

• 32 pairs attached to the spinal cord

Question 4

what does it give rise to - spinal cord nerves

Answer 4

to many structures but; plexuses give rise to PERIPHERAL NERVES

Question 5

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE PNS

Answer 5

• enteric nervous system
• visceral sensory system
• visceral motor system
• special sensory system
• somatic sensory system
• somatic motor system

Question 6

enteric nervous system

Answer 6

• located in the gut
  influenced by ANS but functions indep.

Question 7

VISCERAL SENSORY SYSTEM

Answer 7

• Innervates viscera, some of the fibers travel with ANS in splanchnic nerves then transfer to join the somatic sensory fibres
• some travel in cranial nerves like vagus nerve

Question 8

VISCERAL MOTOR SYSTEM

Answer 8

• ANS
  motor < mediates the internal millieu, involved in homeostasis

Question 9

two divisions

Answer 9

parasympathetic and sympathetic
- innervate smooth and cardiac muscles and the glands

Question 10

where do they distribute - parasympathetic and sympathetic

Answer 10

peripherally in peripheral nerves, splanchnic nerves and along blood vessels

Question 11

where do the sympathetic fibers arise from

Answer 11

spinal cord segments T1 - L2and form the sympathetic trunk via the spinal nerves
- some of the sphlanchnic nerves arise from the sympathetic trunk

Question 12

where do parasympathetic fibers arise from

Answer 12

from brainstem,, CN 37910 and spinal cord segments S234

Question 13

SPECIAL SENSORY SYSTEM

Answer 13

helping to form some of the cranial nerves
- OLFACTION
VISION
HEARING
TASTE
sense the external environment

Question 14

SOMATIC SENSORY SYSTEM

Answer 14

mediates between the external environment and CNS

Question 15

where are the fibers derived from

Answer 15

CN 5,7,9,10 and all spinal cord derived nerves

Question 16

what parts of the body does it innervate - somatic sensory system

Answer 16

sensory to skin, muscles, tendons, joints, connective tissues and some mucosa
- sensory modalities > pain, temperature, coarse and fine touch, proprioception

Question 17

SOMATIC MOTOR SYSTEM

Answer 17

• motor to skeletal muscle, alpha motor neurons to the extrafusal muscle fibers, gamma motor neurons to the intrafusal muscle fibres

Question 18

main role of somatic motor system

Answer 18

associated with activities that are conscious or voluntary

Question 19

where does it process information from

Answer 19

external environment (hearing, sight, touch) signals to and from CNS

Question 20

sensory neurons

Answer 20

afferent neurons > sends information to the CNS from internal glands such as glands, muscles and skin

Question 21

motor neurons

Answer 21

efferent neurons > transmits signals from the CNS to skeletal and muscle to either directly or indirectly control muscle movement

Question 22

VISCERAL MOTOR SYSTEM

Answer 22

responsible for coordinating involuntary behaviours such as heart rate, breathing, and digestion

Question 23

DESTINATION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVES

Answer 23

• muscular to muscle
• cutaneous to skin
  motor/sensory, efferent/afferent

Question 24

what do nerves to muscles contain

Answer 24

somatic motor and somatic sensory fibres

Question 25

what do cutaneous nerve contain

Answer 25

- somatic sensory fibres > both contain sympathetic fibres to sweat glands and erector pilli muscles

Question 26

what do most large peripheral nerves contain

Answer 26

they are called mixed nerves and contain fibres which supply both muscles and skin

Question 27

what do joints receive

Answer 27

- their sensory innervation from nerves to nearby muscles

Question 28

difference between motor and sensory

Answer 28

- motor > efferent fibres - sensory > afferent fibres

Question 29

SPINAL CORD SEGMENTS

Answer 29

- Dorsal root - rootlets - ventral roots - dorsal root ganglion - spinal nerve - anterior primary ramus - posterior primary ramus - plexus - peripheral nerve - vertebral canal - intervertebral foramen

Question 30

do posterior rami form plexuses

Answer 30

no

Question 31

BRACHIAL PLEXUS

Question 32

where is the brachial plexus located

Answer 32

- in the neck and axilla - forms from the anterior primary rami of spinal nerves C5 to C1

Question 33

name the roots of brachial plexus

Answer 33

primary anterior rami

Question 34

list the trunks of brachial plexus

Answer 34

upper, middle and lower

Question 35

list the divisions of brachial plexus

Answer 35

- 3 anterior - 3 posterior

Question 36

list the cords of brachial plexus

Answer 36

medial, lateral and posterior

Question 37

what are the larger branches named

Answer 37

- axillary - radial - musculocutaneous - median - ulna

Question 38

list the smaller nerves of the upper limb

Answer 38

- long thoracic - dorsal scapular - nerve to subclavius - suprascapular - lateral pectoral - upper subscapular - thoracodorsal - lower subscapular - medial pectoral - medial cutaneous nerve of arm - medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

Question 39

what do most of the smaller nerves innervate

Answer 39

the shoulder region

Question 40

where do the fibres originate from

Answer 40

spinal cord segments (spinal nerves)

Question 41

destination

Answer 41

- muscular - cutaneous mixed