week 6/1 > HIP AND GLUTEAL REGION

Question 1

general function of the lower limb

Answer 1

• range of locomotion
• manipulation (kicking)
• providing sensory information (somatic sensory)
• visual and vestibular system for balance

Question 2

COMPONENT FUNCTIONS IN STANDING AND WALKING

Answer 2

• force transfer and joint stabilisation
• upright and balance
• surface grip
• movement

Question 3

FORCE TRANSFER AND JOINT STABILISATION

Answer 3

• helps maintain the upright stance of body

Question 4

joint stabilisation

Answer 4

• prevent limbs from collapsing at the hip, knee and ankle joints, when either standing or walking via the configuration of the joint stabilisation

Question 5

major muscles performing antigravity function in the lower limb

Answer 5

• posterior thigh muscles
• quadriceps femoris (knee joint)
• posterior leg muscles (ankle joints)

Question 6

what keeps the head and back elevated in the trunk and head regions

Answer 6

• posterior neck muscles, intrinsic back muscles, and gluteus maximus

Question 7

movements - lower limb

Answer 7

• walking only
• standing muscles can be active in an isometric way to maintain joint stability = posture

Question 8

TYPES OF MOVEMENTS

Answer 8

• power movements
• repositioning movements
• compensation movements
• stabilising movements
• braking/slowing actions

Question 9

power movement

Answer 9

• applying thrust to the body and moving forward
• hip joint extension throughout stance by the posterior leg muscles
• ankle joint planar flexion in late stance

Question 10

repositioning movement

Answer 10

hip joint flexion in swing and knee joint extension in late swing

Question 11

compensation movements

Answer 11

maintain balance or correct for previous movements
- hip joint abduction by gluteus medius and minimus in early stance
* ankle joint plantar flexors in standing, intrinsic, and extrinsic foot muscles stabilising the foot in late stance

Question 12

stabilising movement

Answer 12

antagonist muscles act to slow down or stop a movement

Question 13

general features of the human skeleton

Question 14

AOJ

Answer 14

located anterior on the skull

Question 15

vertebral column

Answer 15

secondary curves, overall straight

Question 16

vertebral bodies

Answer 16

becomes larger down the vertebral column

Question 17

centre of gravity

Answer 17

level of SV2

Question 18

PELVIS

Answer 18

obtuse angle between the illium and ischium and short, wide iliac blades

Question 19

lower limbs

Answer 19

beneath the skull

Question 20

lumbosacral and sacroiliac joint

Answer 20

stable, relatively immobile

Question 21

hip joint

Answer 21

able to extend femur straight

Question 22

knee joint

Answer 22

large, close to midline, able to pass behind the hip joint

Question 23

ankle joint

Answer 23

close to midline, little lateral movement

Question 24

foot

Answer 24

close to midline

Question 25

BIPEDAL WALKING

Answer 25

• starts of as standing, trunk upright (intrinsic back muscles and gluteus maximus)

Question 26

how is walking initiated in bipedal walking

Answer 26

by tilting or unbalancing the. body forward and activating the automatic walking reflexes

Question 27

what is happening to the centre of gravity throughout the walk

Answer 27

osciliating a small amount both up, down and sideways

Question 28

STRIDING

Answer 28

divided into two parts; stance and swing

Question 29

how does striding start

Answer 29

Starts with heel strike and ends with the next heel strike

Question 30

where is the foot in the stance position

Answer 30

on the walking surface

Question 31

where is the foot in the swing position

Answer 31

in the air
- when the heel meets the ground and toe off is when the toes leave the ground

Question 32

are both feet on the ground in the early and late stance

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

FORCE TRANSFER

Answer 33

force in limb varies depending on whether the foot is on or off the ground and if the other foot is off or on the ground
posterior part contacts first then the anterior part