week 6/1 > HIP AND GLUTEAL REGION Flashcards
general function of the lower limb
- range of locomotion
- manipulation (kicking)
- providing sensory information (somatic sensory)
- visual and vestibular system for balance
COMPONENT FUNCTIONS IN STANDING AND WALKING
- force transfer and joint stabilisation
- upright and balance
- surface grip
- movement
FORCE TRANSFER AND JOINT STABILISATION
- helps maintain the upright stance of body
joint stabilisation
- prevent limbs from collapsing at the hip, knee and ankle joints, when either standing or walking via the configuration of the joint stabilisation
major muscles performing antigravity function in the lower limb
- posterior thigh muscles
- quadriceps femoris (knee joint)
- posterior leg muscles (ankle joints)
what keeps the head and back elevated in the trunk and head regions
- posterior neck muscles, intrinsic back muscles, and gluteus maximus
movements - lower limb
- walking only
- standing muscles can be active in an isometric way to maintain joint stability = posture
TYPES OF MOVEMENTS
- power movements
- repositioning movements
- compensation movements
- stabilising movements
- braking/slowing actions
power movement
- applying thrust to the body and moving forward
- hip joint extension throughout stance by the posterior leg muscles
- ankle joint planar flexion in late stance
repositioning movement
hip joint flexion in swing and knee joint extension in late swing
compensation movements
maintain balance or correct for previous movements
- hip joint abduction by gluteus medius and minimus in early stance
* ankle joint plantar flexors in standing, intrinsic, and extrinsic foot muscles stabilising the foot in late stance
stabilising movement
antagonist muscles act to slow down or stop a movement
general features of the human skeleton
AOJ
located anterior on the skull
vertebral column
secondary curves, overall straight
vertebral bodies
becomes larger down the vertebral column
centre of gravity
level of SV2
PELVIS
obtuse angle between the illium and ischium and short, wide iliac blades
lower limbs
beneath the skull
lumbosacral and sacroiliac joint
stable, relatively immobile
hip joint
able to extend femur straight
knee joint
large, close to midline, able to pass behind the hip joint
ankle joint
close to midline, little lateral movement
foot
close to midline
BIPEDAL WALKING
- starts of as standing, trunk upright (intrinsic back muscles and gluteus maximus)
how is walking initiated in bipedal walking
by tilting or unbalancing the. body forward and activating the automatic walking reflexes
what is happening to the centre of gravity throughout the walk
osciliating a small amount both up, down and sideways
STRIDING
divided into two parts; stance and swing
how does striding start
Starts with heel strike and ends with the next heel strike
where is the foot in the stance position
on the walking surface
where is the foot in the swing position
in the air
- when the heel meets the ground and toe off is when the toes leave the ground
are both feet on the ground in the early and late stance
yes
FORCE TRANSFER
force in limb varies depending on whether the foot is on or off the ground and if the other foot is off or on the ground
posterior part contacts first then the anterior part
