WEEK 11/2 > BACK 2 Flashcards
What are the movements allowed at the Atlanto-Occipital joint?
Flexion and extension.
What movement is allowed at the Atlanto-Axial joint?
Rotation.
What movements are allowed in the cervical region of the vertebral column?
Flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral flexion.
What movement is allowed in the thoracic region of the vertebral column?
Rotation.
What movements are allowed in the lumbar region of the vertebral column?
Flexion and extension
Is there any movement between the vertebrae in the sacrum?
No, the sacrum is fused and does not allow movement between its vertebrae.
What are the intrinsic back muscles involved in moving the vertebral column?
The intrinsic back muscles extend from the pelvis up to the skull and are involved in moving the spine and head. They are segmentally innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves.
What are the functions of the serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior muscles?
The serratus posterior superior muscles elevate the ribs, while the serratus posterior inferior muscles depress the ribs. They originate from the spinous processes.
What is the role of the intrinsic back muscles in relation to the vertebral column and head/neck?
The intrinsic back muscles act to extend and rotate the vertebral column. They also provide isometric support (postural action) and allow eccentric flexion of the column. Some shorter muscles also function as ligaments to limit motion.
How are the intrinsic back muscles innervated?
The intrinsic back muscles are innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves.
What are examples of extrinsic back muscles?
Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Rhomboids, Serratus Posterior Superior, and Serratus Posterior Inferior.
What are the superficial intrinsic back muscles?
The superficial intrinsic back muscles include the Erector Spinae, consisting of Spinalis, Longissimus, and Iliocostalis. They traverse across regions and have subgroups named lumborum, thoracus, cervicus, and capitus.
What are the intermediate intrinsic back muscles?
The intermediate intrinsic back muscles include the Transvers spinalis group, consisting of Semispinalis, Multifidi, and Rotators. They extend throughout the vertebral column with subgroups named lumborum, thoraces, cervicus, and for semispinalis also capitus.
How do the intermediate intrinsic back muscles attach to the vertebrae?
The intermediate intrinsic back muscles attach to the transverse processes of lower vertebrae and to the spines of more superior vertebrae. They traverse several vertebrae and are well-positioned to produce rotation.
What are the deep intrinsic back muscles?
The deep intrinsic back muscles are very short muscles that traverse single vertebrae between the spines or the transverse processes. They act as postural muscles or ligaments to limit movement.
