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Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry > Week 7 - Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Week 7 - Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the respiratory system

A

Nose

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Lungs

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2
Q

What are the 2 ways in which you can split up the respiratory system

A

Structurally

Functionally

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3
Q

What is meant by the structurally part of the respiratory system

A

Upper + lower respiratory system

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4
Q

What is meant by the functionally part of the respiratory system

A

Conducting + respiratory zone

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5
Q

What comes under the conducting zone

A

Nose

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Terminal bronchioles

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6
Q

What comes under the respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs

Alveoli

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7
Q

List the functions of the respiratory system

A

GE

Helps regulate blood pH

Contains receptors for sense of smell

Filters inspired air

Prod. phonation

Excretes small amounts of H20 + heat

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8
Q

Describe the nose

A

Hyaline cartilage covered w/ muscle + skin + lined by a mucous membrane.

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9
Q

What’s the bony framework of the external nose

A

Frontal bone

Nasal bone

Maxillae

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10
Q

Whats the cartilaginous framework of the external nose

A

Septal nasal cartilage

Lateral nasal cartilages

Alar cartilages

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11
Q

What do the inferior structures of the external nose do?

A

Warm, moisten + filters incoming air

Detecting olfactory stimuli

Modify speech vibrations as they pass through large, hollow resonating chambers.

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12
Q

Define resonance

A

Refers to prolonging, amplifying or modifying a sound by vibration

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13
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Anterior aspect of skull.

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14
Q

What is the nasal cavity lined with?

A

Muscle + mucous membrane.

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15
Q

What happens when the inhaled air while around the conchae + meatuses?

A

Warmed by blood in capillaries.

Then mucus secreted by goblet cells moistens air + traps dust particles.

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16
Q

What do the cilia do?

A

Move mucus + traps dust particles toward pharynx where they can be swallowed or spat out.

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17
Q

What type of cells lie in the respiratory region?

A

Olfactory receptor cells

Basal cells

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18
Q

Describe the pharynx

A

Funnel shaped tube about 13cm long

19
Q

What does the pharynx function as?

A

Passageway for air + food

Also provides as a resonating chamber for speech sounds + houses tonsils.

20
Q

What 3 anatomical regions can the pharynx be divided up into?

A

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

21
Q

What layers are the muscles of the pharynx arranged into?

A

Outer circular

Inner longitudinal

22
Q

Shape + length of trachea

A

Tubular

5 inch long passage for air

23
Q

What do the C-shaped rings in the trachea do?

A

Stabilise trachea but allow to expand + lengthen

24
Q

Order the layers of the tracheal wall deep to superficial

A

Mucosa —> Submucosa —> Hyaline cartilage —> Adventitia

25
Q

Hyaline cartilage of trachea

A

16-20 incomplete rings connected by dense connective tissue.

Open part faces posteriorly toward oesophagus + spanned by a fibro-muscular membrane.

26
Q

Where do the right main + left main bronchi come from?

A

Off superior border of 5th thoracic vertebra + go into left + right lungs.

27
Q

What type of cartilage does the bronchi have

A

Contain incomplete rings of cartilage

C-shaped

28
Q

Define carina

A

Internal ridge where trachea divide into right + left main bronchi.

29
Q

What is the branching order of the bronchial tree

A

Trachea

Main bronchi

Lobar bronchi

Segmental bronchi

Bronchioles

Terminal bronchioles

30
Q

By what age do you have all alveoli + how many?

A

8yrs old

300 million

31
Q

Location of the ribs

A

Extends from diaphragm to superior aspect of clavicles + lies vs ribs anteriorly + posteriorly.

32
Q

Pleural membrane

A

Double-layered serous membrane enclosing lungs.

33
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Superficial layer lining walls of thoracic cavity

34
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Deep layer covering lungs

35
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

What does it contain?

A

Space between visceral + parietal pleurae.

Contains a bit of lubricating fluid secreted by membranes. = ⬇️ friction between membranes, allowing them to slide easily over each other during breathing.

36
Q

Costal surface of lungs

A

Surface of lungs lying vs ribs.

37
Q

What % of the diaphragm is slow twitch fibres

A

55%

38
Q

How many intercostal muscles are there

A

11 on each side

39
Q

What is inhalation caused by

A

Contraction of diaphragm (75%), contraction of external intercostals (25%) + accessory muscles (speed).

40
Q

What is exhalation caused by

A

Usually passive but when active = contraction of internal intercostals, transverse muscles + abs.

41
Q

Which branches are found in the conducting zone?

A

Trachea

Main bronchi

Lobar + segmental bronchi

Bronchioles + terminal bronchioles

42
Q

Which branches are found in the respiratory zone?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs

43
Q

Boyles law

A

Inverse relationship between vol + pressure

44
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils found?

A

Oropharynx

Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry (27 decks)

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