Week 7 - Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
What are the components of the respiratory system
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
What are the 2 ways in which you can split up the respiratory system
Structurally
Functionally
What is meant by the structurally part of the respiratory system
Upper + lower respiratory system
What is meant by the functionally part of the respiratory system
Conducting + respiratory zone
What comes under the conducting zone
Nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
What comes under the respiratory zone
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli
List the functions of the respiratory system
GE
Helps regulate blood pH
Contains receptors for sense of smell
Filters inspired air
Prod. phonation
Excretes small amounts of H20 + heat
Describe the nose
Hyaline cartilage covered w/ muscle + skin + lined by a mucous membrane.
What’s the bony framework of the external nose
Frontal bone
Nasal bone
Maxillae
Whats the cartilaginous framework of the external nose
Septal nasal cartilage
Lateral nasal cartilages
Alar cartilages
What do the inferior structures of the external nose do?
Warm, moisten + filters incoming air
Detecting olfactory stimuli
Modify speech vibrations as they pass through large, hollow resonating chambers.
Define resonance
Refers to prolonging, amplifying or modifying a sound by vibration
Nasal cavity
Anterior aspect of skull.
What is the nasal cavity lined with?
Muscle + mucous membrane.
What happens when the inhaled air while around the conchae + meatuses?
Warmed by blood in capillaries.
Then mucus secreted by goblet cells moistens air + traps dust particles.
What do the cilia do?
Move mucus + traps dust particles toward pharynx where they can be swallowed or spat out.
What type of cells lie in the respiratory region?
Olfactory receptor cells
Basal cells
Describe the pharynx
Funnel shaped tube about 13cm long
What does the pharynx function as?
Passageway for air + food
Also provides as a resonating chamber for speech sounds + houses tonsils.
What 3 anatomical regions can the pharynx be divided up into?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What layers are the muscles of the pharynx arranged into?
Outer circular
Inner longitudinal
Shape + length of trachea
Tubular
5 inch long passage for air
What do the C-shaped rings in the trachea do?
Stabilise trachea but allow to expand + lengthen
Order the layers of the tracheal wall deep to superficial
Mucosa —> Submucosa —> Hyaline cartilage —> Adventitia
Hyaline cartilage of trachea
16-20 incomplete rings connected by dense connective tissue.
Open part faces posteriorly toward oesophagus + spanned by a fibro-muscular membrane.
Where do the right main + left main bronchi come from?
Off superior border of 5th thoracic vertebra + go into left + right lungs.
What type of cartilage does the bronchi have
Contain incomplete rings of cartilage
C-shaped
Define carina
Internal ridge where trachea divide into right + left main bronchi.
What is the branching order of the bronchial tree
Trachea
Main bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Segmental bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
By what age do you have all alveoli + how many?
8yrs old
300 million
Location of the ribs
Extends from diaphragm to superior aspect of clavicles + lies vs ribs anteriorly + posteriorly.
Pleural membrane
Double-layered serous membrane enclosing lungs.
Parietal pleura
Superficial layer lining walls of thoracic cavity
Visceral pleura
Deep layer covering lungs
What is the pleural cavity?
What does it contain?
Space between visceral + parietal pleurae.
Contains a bit of lubricating fluid secreted by membranes. = ⬇️ friction between membranes, allowing them to slide easily over each other during breathing.
Costal surface of lungs
Surface of lungs lying vs ribs.
What % of the diaphragm is slow twitch fibres
55%
How many intercostal muscles are there
11 on each side
What is inhalation caused by
Contraction of diaphragm (75%), contraction of external intercostals (25%) + accessory muscles (speed).
What is exhalation caused by
Usually passive but when active = contraction of internal intercostals, transverse muscles + abs.
Which branches are found in the conducting zone?
Trachea
Main bronchi
Lobar + segmental bronchi
Bronchioles + terminal bronchioles
Which branches are found in the respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Boyles law
Inverse relationship between vol + pressure
Where are the palatine tonsils found?
Oropharynx
