Week 7 - Respiratory Anatomy

Question 1

What are the components of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Nose

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Lungs

Question 2

What are the 2 ways in which you can split up the respiratory system

Answer 2

Structurally

Functionally

Question 3

What is meant by the structurally part of the respiratory system

Answer 3

Upper + lower respiratory system

Question 4

What is meant by the functionally part of the respiratory system

Answer 4

Conducting + respiratory zone

Question 5

What comes under the conducting zone

Answer 5

Nose

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Terminal bronchioles

Question 6

What comes under the respiratory zone

Answer 6

Respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs

Alveoli

Question 7

List the functions of the respiratory system

Answer 7

GE

Helps regulate blood pH

Contains receptors for sense of smell

Filters inspired air

Prod. phonation

Excretes small amounts of H20 + heat

Question 8

Describe the nose

Answer 8

Hyaline cartilage covered w/ muscle + skin + lined by a mucous membrane.

Question 9

What’s the bony framework of the external nose

Answer 9

Frontal bone

Nasal bone

Maxillae

Question 10

Whats the cartilaginous framework of the external nose

Answer 10

Septal nasal cartilage

Lateral nasal cartilages

Alar cartilages

Question 11

What do the inferior structures of the external nose do?

Answer 11

Warm, moisten + filters incoming air

Detecting olfactory stimuli

Modify speech vibrations as they pass through large, hollow resonating chambers.

Question 12

Define resonance

Answer 12

Refers to prolonging, amplifying or modifying a sound by vibration

Question 13

Nasal cavity

Answer 13

Anterior aspect of skull.

Question 14

What is the nasal cavity lined with?

Answer 14

Muscle + mucous membrane.

Question 15

What happens when the inhaled air while around the conchae + meatuses?

Answer 15

Warmed by blood in capillaries.

Then mucus secreted by goblet cells moistens air + traps dust particles.

Question 16

What do the cilia do?

Answer 16

Move mucus + traps dust particles toward pharynx where they can be swallowed or spat out.

Question 17

What type of cells lie in the respiratory region?

Answer 17

Olfactory receptor cells

Basal cells

Question 18

Describe the pharynx

Answer 18

Funnel shaped tube about 13cm long

Question 19

What does the pharynx function as?

Answer 19

Passageway for air + food

Also provides as a resonating chamber for speech sounds + houses tonsils.

Question 20

What 3 anatomical regions can the pharynx be divided up into?

Answer 20

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

Question 21

What layers are the muscles of the pharynx arranged into?

Answer 21

Outer circular

Inner longitudinal

Question 22

Shape + length of trachea

Answer 22

Tubular

5 inch long passage for air

Question 23

What do the C-shaped rings in the trachea do?

Answer 23

Stabilise trachea but allow to expand + lengthen

Question 24

Order the layers of the tracheal wall deep to superficial

Answer 24

Mucosa —> Submucosa —> Hyaline cartilage —> Adventitia

Question 25

Hyaline cartilage of trachea

Answer 25

16-20 incomplete rings connected by dense connective tissue. Open part faces posteriorly toward oesophagus + spanned by a fibro-muscular membrane.

Question 26

Where do the right main + left main bronchi come from?

Answer 26

Off superior border of 5th thoracic vertebra + go into left + right lungs.

Question 27

What type of cartilage does the bronchi have

Answer 27

Contain incomplete rings of cartilage | C-shaped

Question 28

Define carina

Answer 28

Internal ridge where trachea divide into right + left main bronchi.

Question 29

What is the branching order of the bronchial tree

Answer 29

Trachea Main bronchi Lobar bronchi Segmental bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles

Question 30

By what age do you have all alveoli + how many?

Answer 30

8yrs old 300 million

Question 31

Location of the ribs

Answer 31

Extends from diaphragm to superior aspect of clavicles + lies vs ribs anteriorly + posteriorly.

Question 32

Pleural membrane

Answer 32

Double-layered serous membrane enclosing lungs.

Question 33

Parietal pleura

Answer 33

Superficial layer lining walls of thoracic cavity

Question 34

Visceral pleura

Answer 34

Deep layer covering lungs

Question 35

What is the pleural cavity? What does it contain?

Answer 35

Space between visceral + parietal pleurae. Contains a bit of lubricating fluid secreted by membranes. = ⬇️ friction between membranes, allowing them to slide easily over each other during breathing.

Question 36

Costal surface of lungs

Answer 36

Surface of lungs lying vs ribs.

Question 37

What % of the diaphragm is slow twitch fibres

Answer 37

55%

Question 38

How many intercostal muscles are there

Answer 38

11 on each side

Question 39

What is inhalation caused by

Answer 39

Contraction of diaphragm (75%), contraction of external intercostals (25%) + accessory muscles (speed).

Question 40

What is exhalation caused by

Answer 40

Usually passive but when active = contraction of internal intercostals, transverse muscles + abs.

Question 41

Which branches are found in the conducting zone?

Answer 41

Trachea Main bronchi Lobar + segmental bronchi Bronchioles + terminal bronchioles

Question 42

Which branches are found in the respiratory zone?

Answer 42

Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs

Question 43

Boyles law

Answer 43

Inverse relationship between vol + pressure

Question 44

Where are the palatine tonsils found?

Answer 44

Oropharynx