Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry > Week 5 - Spine & Thoracic Cage > Flashcards

Week 5 - Spine & Thoracic Cage Flashcards

1
Q

List the structure of the spine

A

Cervical v (C1-C7)

Thoracic v (12)

Lumbar v (5)

Sacrum (5)

Coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are intervertebral discs

A

Between bodies of adjacent vertebrae from C2 to sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What % of height of vertebral column do the intervertebral discs account for?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Fibrous ring on outer part of intervertebral discs

Consists of fibrocartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Inner soft, high elastic substance in intervertebral disc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vertebral body

A

Thick, disc shaped anterior portion

Weight-bearing

Roughened superior + inferior surfaces for attachment of cartilaginous intervertebral discs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Extends posteriorly from the vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many processes arise from the vertebral arch?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which processes act as muscle attachment points?

A

Transverse

Spinous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transverse process

A

Extends laterally on each side where lamina + pedicle join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spinous process

A

Projects posteriorly from junction of laminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do the last 4 processes do? (Ones that don’t act as muscle attachment points)

A

Form joints w/ other vertebrae above or below.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the last 4 processes

A

2 superior articular processes

2 inferior articular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the 2 superior articular processes articulate with?

A

2 inferior articular processes of vertebra immediately above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the 2 inferior articular processes articulate with?

A

2 superior articular processes of vertebra immediately below.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Compare the cervical vertebrae to other vertebra

A

Bodies are smaller - except those that form the coccyx.

Larger vertebral arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many foramina do cervical vertebrae have

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What passes through the transverse foramen

A

Vertebral artery + its accompanying vein + nerve fibres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bi-fid

A

Branch into 2 small projections at the tips.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which spinous processes are often bi-fid?

A

Those of C2-C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the foramen of cervical vertebrae

A

Large

Triangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many transverse foramen do the cervical vertebrae have?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the pedicle of a cervical vertebrae

A

Small

wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Body of the cervical vertebra

A

Small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe Atlas (C1)
No vertebral body Forms atlanto-occipital joint w/ skull.
26
Describe axis (C2)
Dens process Allows rotation of head
27
Movements at the cervical vertebrae
Flexion Extension Lateral flexion
28
Movements at the thoracic vertebrae
Rotation
29
Movements at the lumbar vertebrae
Flexion Extension Lateral flexion
30
Movements at the sacral vertebrae
No movement
31
Movements at the atlanto-occipital vertebrae
Flexion Extension
32
Movements at the atlanto-axial vertebrae
Rotation only
33
Describe the thoracic cage
Bony enclosure formed by the sternum, ribs + their costal cartilages.
34
What do costal cartilages do
Attach ribs to sternum
35
Sternal angle
Junction of the manubrium + sternum body.
36
Suprasternal notch
Depression on superior surface of the manubrium
37
Clavicular notches
Lateral to the suprasternal notch Articulate w/ medial ends of clavicles = Sternoclavicular joints
38
Xiphoid process
provides attachment for some abdominal muscles
39
Sternocostal joints
Articulations formed between the true ribs + sternum
40
Vertebrochondral ribs
Costal cartilages attach indirectly to sternum or not to sternum at all.
41
Describe spinal extension
Brings a flexed spine back to the anatomical position + beyond
42
What happens of the concentric contractions during spinal extension
Concentric contractions of posterior muscles
43
What happens with the insertions + origins during spinal extension
Insertions move toward origins Origins are inferior to insertions
44
Sternal body
Extends from T5-T9.
45
Where can the Clavicular fossa be found?
On superolateral angles of manubrium
46
THORACIC VERTEBRAE Vertebral foramen
Small + round
47
THORACIC VERTEBRAE Vertebral body
Heart-shaped
48
THORACIC VERTEBRAE Spinous process
Long + thin
49
THORACIC VERTEBRAE Transverse process
Large
50
How many pairs of ribs are there
12
51
Where do ribs 1-7 attach?
Anteriorly to the sternum via costal cartilage == True ribs
52
Where do ribs 8-10 attach?
7th costal cartilage == False ribs
53
Where do ribs 11-12 attach?
No where -- "floating ribs".
54
Describe the 1st rib
Short Broad Flattened
55
Head of 1st rib
Located on posterior aspect of rib Small Rounded
56
What action do the interspinous + supraspinous muscles limit?
Trunk flexion
57
What action do the anterior + posterior longitudinal ligaments limit?
Hyperextension Flexion Extension
58
What action do the rotatores muscles allow?
Extension Rotation
59
What action do the Interspinales muscles allow
Extension
60
Intertransversarli muscles
Lateral flexion Provide stability to spinal column
61
What 3 groups do the back muscles get split into?
Erector spinae Transversospinalis Superficial
62
Erector spinae
Forms large bulk of muscle lying in groove on either side of vertebral column.
63
What 3 main sections is the erector spinae divided up into?
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis
64
What comes under the iliocostalis muscles
Iliocostalis cervicis Iliocostalis thoracis Iliocostalis lumborum
65
Origin + insertion for Iliocostalis cervicis
O = Ribs 3-5 I = C4-C6 -- At the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes.
66
Action for the Iliocostalis cervicis
Extension Lateral flexion Rotates -- All for the vertebral column
67
Origin + insertion for Iliocostalis thoracis
O = Ribs 7-12 I = Ribs 1-6
68
Action for the Iliocostalis thoracis
Extension of thoracic if both! Ind will laterally flex thoracic spine.
69
Iliocostalis lumborum
Long muscle of posterior lumbar vertebral column.
70
Origin for the Iliocostalis lumborum
Sacrum L1-L5 - Spinous processes Hip bone - iliac crest
71
Insertion for the Iliocostalis lumborum
Ribs 7-12 Angles
72
Action for the Iliocostalis lumborum
Together - extend the spine Ind. - Lateral flexion of spine
73
What comes under the longissimus muscle group
Longissimus capitis Longissimus cervicis Longissimus thoracis
74
Origin for Longissimus capitis
T1-T5 C4-C7
75
Insertion for Longissimus capitis
Temporal bone
76
Action for Longissimus capitis
Together - Extend the head. Ind. -- muscle will turn face to the same side.
77
Origin for Longissimus cervicis
T1-T5
78
Insertion for Longissimus cervicis
C2-C6
79
Action for Longissimus cervicis
Extends + laterally flexes vertebral column.
80
Origin for Longissimus thoracis
L1-L5
81
Insertion for Longissimus thoracis
T1-T12 Ribs 4-12
82
Action for Longissimus thoracis
Together - Extend thoracic spine Ind - Laterally flex thoracic spine
83
What comes under spinalis
Spinalis capitis Spinalis cervicis Spinalis thoracis
84
Origin for the Spinalis capitis
C4-T7 C4-C6 C7
85
Insertion for Spinalis capitis
Occipital bone
86
Action for Spinalis capitis
Together - extend head Ind - face towards opp. side
87
Origin + insertion for Spinalis cervicis
O = C7 I = C2
88
Action for Spinalis cervicis
Extension of vertebral column
89
Origin + insertion for Spinalis thoracis
O = C7 I = C2
90
Action for Spinalis thoracis
Extension of cervical spine.
91
What indents on the sternal lateral borders?
Facets for costal cartilages 2-7
92
What does the clavicular fossa articulate with?
Sternal end of clavicle.

Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions