Week 2 - Hip Joint

Question 1

Define the hip joint

Answer 1

Joint between the acetabulum of the hip bone + proximal end of femur.

Question 2

Define the articular capsule of the hip joint

Answer 2

Very dense + strong

Extends from acetabulum to neck of femur

Consists of circular + longitudinal fibres

Question 3

Circular fibres of the articular capsule

Answer 3

Zona orbicularis

Forms a collar around neck of femur

Question 4

Longitudinal fibres of the articular capsule

Answer 4

Reinforces by the accessory ligaments:

• Iliofemoral
• Pubofemoral
• Ischiofemoral

Question 5

ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS

Define the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 5

Thickened portion

Strongest ligament

Question 6

ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS

Define the pubofemoral + ischiofemoral ligaments

Answer 6

Thickened portion

Strengthens articular capsule.

Question 7

Describe the ligament of the femoral head

Answer 7

Flat + triangular band

Usually contains small artery supplying femoral head.

Question 8

Define the acetabular labrum

Answer 8

Fibrocartilage rim attached to acetabulum.

Question 9

What does the acetabular labrum do

Answer 9

Enhances depth of the acetabulum making dislocation of the femur rare.

Question 10

Define the transverse ligament of the acetabulum

Answer 10

Strong ligament crossing over the acetabular notch.

Question 11

Whats the function of the transverse ligament of the acetabulum

Answer 11

To support acetabular labrum

Question 12

What are the movements the hip joint allow?

Answer 12

Flexion + Extension

Abduction + Adduction

Lateral + medial rotation

Circumduction of the thigh.

Question 13

What is the reason for the stability of the hip joint?

Answer 13

Very strong articular capsule + its accessory ligaments

Question 14

MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT

What is flexion limited by

Answer 14

Anterior surface of thigh when coming into contact w. anterior abdominal wall when knee is flexed.

+

Tension of hamstring muscles when knee is extended.

Question 15

MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT

What is extension limited by

Answer 15

Tension of iliofemoral, pubofemoral + ischiofemoral ligaments

Question 16

MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT

What is abduction limited by

Answer 16

Tension of pubofemoral ligament

Question 17

MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT

What is adduction limited by

Answer 17

Contact w. opp. limb

+

tension in ligament of femoral head

Question 18

MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT

What is lateral rotation limited by

Answer 18

Tension in iliofemoral + pubofemoral ligaments

Question 19

MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT

What is medial rotation limited by

Answer 19

Tension in ischiofemoral ligament

Question 20

What are the sagittal plane motions of the hip joint

Answer 20

Hyperextension

Flexion

Extension

Question 21

What are the frontal plane motions of the hip joint

Answer 21

Abduction

Adduction

Question 22

What are the transverse plane motions of the hip joint

Answer 22

Lateral + medial rotation

Question 23

Define gliding

Answer 23

Simple movement

Nearly flat bone surfaces move back + forth + side to side.

Question 24

Give examples of gliding joints

Answer 24

Intercarpal

Intertarsal

Question 25

How is the gliding joint limited in range of movement

Answer 25

Due to structure of articular capsule + associated ligaments + bones.

Question 26

Define rotation

Answer 26

When bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

Question 27

Define medial (internal) rotation

Answer 27

Anterior surface of bone of a limb is turned TOWARDS the midline.

Question 28

Give an example of medial (internal) rotation

Answer 28

Medially rotate femur at hip by lying on back, bending knee, moving leg + foot laterally.

Question 29

Define lateral (external) rotation

Answer 29

When anterior surface of bone of a limb is turned away from the midline.

Question 30

SPECIAL MOVEMENTS Define elevation

Answer 30

Superior movement of a body part. i.e closing the mouth at a temporomandibular joint to elevate scapula + clavicle.

Question 31

SPECIAL MOVEMENTS Define depression

Answer 31

Inferior movement of a body part. i.e opening mouth to depress the mandible

Question 32

SPECIAL MOVEMENTS Define protraction

Answer 32

Movement of body part anteriorly in the transverse plane

Question 33

SPECIAL MOVEMENTS Define retraction

Answer 33

Movement of a protracted part of the body back to anatomical position.

Question 34

SPECIAL MOVEMENTS Define inversion

Answer 34

Movement of sole medially at inter tarsal joints

Question 35

SPECIAL MOVEMENTS Define eversion

Answer 35

Movement of sole laterally at inter tarsal joints

Question 36

SPECIAL MOVEMENTS Define supination

Answer 36

Movement of forearm at proximal + distal radioulnar joints Palm turned ANTERIORLY.

Question 37

SPECIAL MOVEMENTS Define opposition

Answer 37

Movement of thumb at carpometacarpal joint in which thumb moves across palm to touch tips of fingers on same hand.

Question 38

What muscles flex the hip joint

Answer 38

Iliac Psoas Major Rectus Femoris Sartorius

Question 39

What muscles extend the hip joint

Answer 39

Gluteus maximus, minimus + medius Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Question 40

What muscles primarily adduct the hip joint

Answer 40

Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor brevis Pectineus

Question 41

Origin + insertion points of the Adductor Magnus, longus + brevis

Answer 41

Origin = Pubis Insertion = Medial Femur

Question 42

Origin + insertion point of the Pectineus

Answer 42

Origin = Pubis (Pectineal line) Insertion = Medial Femur

Question 43

Origin, insertion + primary action of the gracilis muscle

Answer 43

Origin = Pubis (inferior ramus) Insertion = Medial Tibia Primary action = Medial rotation of hip.

Question 44

ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS Where does the iliofemoral ligament extend FROM and TO?

Answer 44

From anterior inferior iliac spine To intertrochanteric line of femur.

Question 45

ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS Where do the pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligament extend FROM and TO?

Answer 45

Ischial wall bordering acetabulum To neck of femur.

Question 46

What motion of the pelvis occurs in the sagittal plane?

Answer 46

Pelvis tilt

Question 47

What does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?

Answer 47

Hyperextension of femur at hip joint when standing

Question 48

What does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?

Answer 48

Overabduction of femur at hip joint.

Question 49

What happens to the ischiofemoral ligament when adducting and abducting?

Answer 49

Slackens during adduction Tenses during abduction

Question 50

Where does the ligament of the femoral head extend from and to?

Answer 50

From fossa of acetabulum To fovea capitis of femoral head.

Question 51

Transverse ligament of the acetabulum What is it connected with?

Answer 51

Ligament of femoral head + articular capsule.