Week 2 - Hip Joint Flashcards
Define the hip joint
Joint between the acetabulum of the hip bone + proximal end of femur.
Define the articular capsule of the hip joint
Very dense + strong
Extends from acetabulum to neck of femur
Consists of circular + longitudinal fibres
Circular fibres of the articular capsule
Zona orbicularis
Forms a collar around neck of femur
Longitudinal fibres of the articular capsule
Reinforces by the accessory ligaments:
- Iliofemoral
- Pubofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS
Define the iliofemoral ligament
Thickened portion
Strongest ligament
ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS
Define the pubofemoral + ischiofemoral ligaments
Thickened portion
Strengthens articular capsule.
Describe the ligament of the femoral head
Flat + triangular band
Usually contains small artery supplying femoral head.
Define the acetabular labrum
Fibrocartilage rim attached to acetabulum.
What does the acetabular labrum do
Enhances depth of the acetabulum making dislocation of the femur rare.
Define the transverse ligament of the acetabulum
Strong ligament crossing over the acetabular notch.
Whats the function of the transverse ligament of the acetabulum
To support acetabular labrum
What are the movements the hip joint allow?
Flexion + Extension
Abduction + Adduction
Lateral + medial rotation
Circumduction of the thigh.
What is the reason for the stability of the hip joint?
Very strong articular capsule + its accessory ligaments
MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT
What is flexion limited by
Anterior surface of thigh when coming into contact w. anterior abdominal wall when knee is flexed.
+
Tension of hamstring muscles when knee is extended.
MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT
What is extension limited by
Tension of iliofemoral, pubofemoral + ischiofemoral ligaments
MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT
What is abduction limited by
Tension of pubofemoral ligament
MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT
What is adduction limited by
Contact w. opp. limb
+
tension in ligament of femoral head
MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT
What is lateral rotation limited by
Tension in iliofemoral + pubofemoral ligaments
MOVEMENT OF THE HIP JOINT
What is medial rotation limited by
Tension in ischiofemoral ligament
What are the sagittal plane motions of the hip joint
Hyperextension
Flexion
Extension
What are the frontal plane motions of the hip joint
Abduction
Adduction
What are the transverse plane motions of the hip joint
Lateral + medial rotation
Define gliding
Simple movement
Nearly flat bone surfaces move back + forth + side to side.
Give examples of gliding joints
Intercarpal
Intertarsal
How is the gliding joint limited in range of movement
Due to structure of articular capsule + associated ligaments + bones.
Define rotation
When bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
Define medial (internal) rotation
Anterior surface of bone of a limb is turned TOWARDS the midline.
Give an example of medial (internal) rotation
Medially rotate femur at hip by lying on back, bending knee, moving leg + foot laterally.
Define lateral (external) rotation
When anterior surface of bone of a limb is turned away from the midline.
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS
Define elevation
Superior movement of a body part.
i.e closing the mouth at a temporomandibular joint to elevate scapula + clavicle.
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS
Define depression
Inferior movement of a body part.
i.e opening mouth to depress the mandible
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS
Define protraction
Movement of body part anteriorly in the transverse plane
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS
Define retraction
Movement of a protracted part of the body back to anatomical position.
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS
Define inversion
Movement of sole medially at inter tarsal joints
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS
Define eversion
Movement of sole laterally at inter tarsal joints
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS
Define supination
Movement of forearm at proximal + distal radioulnar joints
Palm turned ANTERIORLY.
SPECIAL MOVEMENTS
Define opposition
Movement of thumb at carpometacarpal joint in which thumb moves across palm to touch tips of fingers on same hand.
What muscles flex the hip joint
Iliac
Psoas Major
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
What muscles extend the hip joint
Gluteus maximus, minimus + medius
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
What muscles primarily adduct the hip joint
Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus
Adductor brevis
Pectineus
Origin + insertion points of the Adductor Magnus, longus + brevis
Origin = Pubis
Insertion = Medial Femur
Origin + insertion point of the Pectineus
Origin = Pubis (Pectineal line)
Insertion = Medial Femur
Origin, insertion + primary action of the gracilis muscle
Origin = Pubis (inferior ramus)
Insertion = Medial Tibia
Primary action = Medial rotation of hip.
ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS
Where does the iliofemoral ligament extend FROM and TO?
From anterior inferior iliac spine
To intertrochanteric line of femur.
ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS
Where do the pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligament extend FROM and TO?
Ischial wall bordering acetabulum
To neck of femur.
What motion of the pelvis occurs in the sagittal plane?
Pelvis tilt
What does the iliofemoral ligament prevent?
Hyperextension of femur at hip joint when standing
What does the pubofemoral ligament prevent?
Overabduction of femur at hip joint.
What happens to the ischiofemoral ligament when adducting and abducting?
Slackens during adduction
Tenses during abduction
Where does the ligament of the femoral head extend from and to?
From fossa of acetabulum
To fovea capitis of femoral head.
Transverse ligament of the acetabulum
What is it connected with?
Ligament of femoral head
+
articular capsule.
