Week 3 - Lower Limb Flashcards
How many bones does the lower limb have
30
Where’s the proximal end of the femur
Articulates w/ the acetabulum of the hip bone.
Where’s the distal end of the femur
Articulates w/ the tibia + patella.
Why are the knee joints close to the midline than the hip joints?
Because the body (shaft) of the femur angles medially
Why is the angle of the femoral shaft greater in females?
Have a broader pelvis
Define fovea capitis
Small central depression in the femoral head
What connects the fovea capitis to the acetabulum.
Ligament of femoral head
What is a “broken hip” more associated with?
A fracture in the neck of the femur than w/ fractures to the hip bone.
What do the greater trochanter + lesser trochanter serve as?
Attachment points for tendons of some thigh + buttock muscles.
Where is the prominence felt and seen of the greater trochanter
Anterior to the hollow on the side of the hip
Describe the patella
Small triangular bone anterior to the knee joint.
Functions of the patella
⬆️ leverage of tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle
Maintains position of tendon when knee is flexed.
Protects knee joint
Describe the base of the patella
Broad proximal end
Describe the apex of the patella
Pointed distal end
What does the posterior surface of the patella contain?
2 articular facets:
- 1 for the medial condyle of the femur
- Another for the lateral condyle
What does the patella ligament attach what to what?
Attaches patella to the tibial tuberosity
Where does the proximal end of the tibia articulate with?
Femur + Fibula
Where does the distal end of the tibia articulate with?
Fibula + talus bone
Define the interosseous membrane
Forms a fibrous joint
Separated anterior + posterior compartments of the leg.
Connects tibia + fibula
Where does the proximal end of the tibia expand into?
A lateral + medial condyle
Where does the inferior surface of the lateral condyle of the knee articulate with?
Head of the fibula.
Which one is bigger? Tibia or fibula?
Tibia
Does the fibula articulate with the femur?
NO
Where does the proximal end of the fibula articulate with?
W/ the inferior surface of lateral condyle of tibia = PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR Joint
Where is the distal tibiofibular joint found
Between fibular notch + medial surface of fibula.
What is the projection on the distal end of the fibula called?
LATERAL MALLEOLUS
Articulated w. the talus of the ankle to form the prominence on the lateral surface of the ankle.
Define the tarsus
Proximal region of foot
Describe the calcaneus
Largest + strongest tarsal bone
Define the navicular bones
Anterior tarsal bones
Define inter tarsal joints
Joints between tarsal bones
What does the talus articulate with?
Fibula + tibia.
On 1 side w. medial malleolus of tibia
On other side w. lateral malleolus of fibula.
What are the 2 arches of the foot
Longitudinal
Transverse
What do arches of the foot enable?
Foot to support weight of body
Provides ideal distribution of body weight over soft + hard tissues of foot
Provides leverage while walking
Are arches in the foot rigid?
No, they yield as weight is applied + spring back when weight is lifted, storing energy for the next step + helping shock absorption.
By what age are arches usually fully developed?
12/13
What are the 2 parts to the longitudinal arch
Medial + lateral part
Medial part of the longitudinal arch of the foot
Originates at calcaneus
Rises to talus
Descends through navicular, 3 cuneiforms + heads fo 3 medial metatarsals.
Lateral part of the longitudinal arch of the foot
Originates at calcaneus.
Rises at cuboid
Descends to heads of 2 lateral metatarsals.
Medial portion of this arch is so high that the medial portion of foot between ball + heel doesn’t touch the ground when you walk on hard surface.
Transverse arch
Found between medial + lateral aspects of foot.
Formed by navicular, 3 cuneiforms + bases of 5 metatarsals.
Where does the base of the patella develop?
Tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle.
Proximal end of the tibia expands into a lateral + medial condyle, what do these articulate with?
Condyles of the femur
= form lateral + medial TIBIOFEMORAL joint.
