Week 3 - Lower Limb

Question 1

How many bones does the lower limb have

Answer 1

30

Question 2

Where’s the proximal end of the femur

Answer 2

Articulates w/ the acetabulum of the hip bone.

Question 3

Where’s the distal end of the femur

Answer 3

Articulates w/ the tibia + patella.

Question 4

Why are the knee joints close to the midline than the hip joints?

Answer 4

Because the body (shaft) of the femur angles medially

Question 5

Why is the angle of the femoral shaft greater in females?

Answer 5

Have a broader pelvis

Question 6

Define fovea capitis

Answer 6

Small central depression in the femoral head

Question 7

What connects the fovea capitis to the acetabulum.

Answer 7

Ligament of femoral head

Question 8

What is a “broken hip” more associated with?

Answer 8

A fracture in the neck of the femur than w/ fractures to the hip bone.

Question 9

What do the greater trochanter + lesser trochanter serve as?

Answer 9

Attachment points for tendons of some thigh + buttock muscles.

Question 10

Where is the prominence felt and seen of the greater trochanter

Answer 10

Anterior to the hollow on the side of the hip

Question 11

Describe the patella

Answer 11

Small triangular bone anterior to the knee joint.

Question 12

Functions of the patella

Answer 12

⬆️ leverage of tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle

Maintains position of tendon when knee is flexed.

Protects knee joint

Question 13

Describe the base of the patella

Answer 13

Broad proximal end

Question 14

Describe the apex of the patella

Answer 14

Pointed distal end

Question 15

What does the posterior surface of the patella contain?

Answer 15

2 articular facets:

1. 1 for the medial condyle of the femur
2. Another for the lateral condyle

Question 16

What does the patella ligament attach what to what?

Answer 16

Attaches patella to the tibial tuberosity

Question 17

Where does the proximal end of the tibia articulate with?

Answer 17

Femur + Fibula

Question 18

Where does the distal end of the tibia articulate with?

Answer 18

Fibula + talus bone

Question 19

Define the interosseous membrane

Answer 19

Forms a fibrous joint

Separated anterior + posterior compartments of the leg.

Connects tibia + fibula

Question 20

Where does the proximal end of the tibia expand into?

Answer 20

A lateral + medial condyle

Question 21

Where does the inferior surface of the lateral condyle of the knee articulate with?

Answer 21

Head of the fibula.

Question 22

Which one is bigger? Tibia or fibula?

Answer 22

Tibia

Question 23

Does the fibula articulate with the femur?

Answer 23

NO

Question 24

Where does the proximal end of the fibula articulate with?

Answer 24

W/ the inferior surface of lateral condyle of tibia = PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR Joint

Question 25

Where is the distal tibiofibular joint found

Answer 25

Between fibular notch + medial surface of fibula.

Question 26

What is the projection on the distal end of the fibula called?

Answer 26

LATERAL MALLEOLUS Articulated w. the talus of the ankle to form the prominence on the lateral surface of the ankle.

Question 27

Define the tarsus

Answer 27

Proximal region of foot

Question 28

Describe the calcaneus

Answer 28

Largest + strongest tarsal bone

Question 29

Define the navicular bones

Answer 29

Anterior tarsal bones

Question 30

Define inter tarsal joints

Answer 30

Joints between tarsal bones

Question 31

What does the talus articulate with?

Answer 31

Fibula + tibia. On 1 side w. medial malleolus of tibia On other side w. lateral malleolus of fibula.

Question 32

What are the 2 arches of the foot

Answer 32

Longitudinal Transverse

Question 33

What do arches of the foot enable?

Answer 33

Foot to support weight of body Provides ideal distribution of body weight over soft + hard tissues of foot Provides leverage while walking

Question 34

Are arches in the foot rigid?

Answer 34

No, they yield as weight is applied + spring back when weight is lifted, storing energy for the next step + helping shock absorption.

Question 35

By what age are arches usually fully developed?

Answer 35

12/13

Question 36

What are the 2 parts to the longitudinal arch

Answer 36

Medial + lateral part

Question 37

Medial part of the longitudinal arch of the foot

Answer 37

Originates at calcaneus Rises to talus Descends through navicular, 3 cuneiforms + heads fo 3 medial metatarsals.

Question 38

Lateral part of the longitudinal arch of the foot

Answer 38

Originates at calcaneus. Rises at cuboid Descends to heads of 2 lateral metatarsals. Medial portion of this arch is so high that the medial portion of foot between ball + heel doesn't touch the ground when you walk on hard surface.

Question 39

Transverse arch

Answer 39

Found between medial + lateral aspects of foot. Formed by navicular, 3 cuneiforms + bases of 5 metatarsals.

Question 40

Where does the base of the patella develop?

Answer 40

Tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

Question 41

Proximal end of the tibia expands into a lateral + medial condyle, what do these articulate with?

Answer 41

Condyles of the femur = form lateral + medial TIBIOFEMORAL joint.