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Journey through GI > Week 7 Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Week 7 Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

what is pharmacokinetics

A

the body’s effect on the drug e.g. absorption

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2
Q

what is API

A

active pharmaceutical ingredient

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3
Q

what is biopharmaceutics

A

study of how physicochemical properties of APIs, dosage forms and routes of administration affect rate and extent of API action.

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4
Q

what is pharmacodynamics

A

what the api does to hte body

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5
Q

what is clinical pharmacokinetics

A

applying pharmacokinetic data to design safe and effective therapeutic regimens for an individual patient

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6
Q

What does ADME mean

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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7
Q

What does ADME determine

A

resultant API conc in the body

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8
Q

Describe the flow using ADME

A

API at site of administration is then absorbed into the plasma. This can then move to different tissues or to the site of action causing a clinical effect.

OR

It is metabolized and unchanged api is then excreted

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9
Q

describe how a tablet causes the desired effect

A

The tablet disintegrates into granules and then further into particles. The api must then Dissolve into solution before it can be absorbed into the blood stream. That is then carried to the site of action to a receptor which triggers a response.

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10
Q

Why is solubility important

A

Not all api’s dissolve in water well for example the BP describes three catagories

Freely soluble
Slightly soluble
Pratically insoluble

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11
Q

what does freely soluble mean

A

needs about 1 ml to dissolve 1 gram

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12
Q

what does slightly soluble mean

A

needs about 1 L to dissolve 1 gram

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13
Q

what does practically insoluble mean

A

needs more than 10L to dissolve 1 gram

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14
Q

what is solubility

A

solubility of an api in any solvent at any given temperature rate is a fixed value so its a property of the value itself

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15
Q

what factors affect the rate at which the API dissolves

A

Physical form of the API e.g. polymorph

Size of the API

Stirring

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16
Q

What do suspensions avoid

A

disintegration stage; small particles of API in suspension can begin dissolving straight away

17
Q

What do solutions avoid

A

avoid both disintegration and the dissolution because the API is already in solution

18
Q

why are solutions faster acting than solid based ones

A

avoids both disintegration + dissolution stage and has API already in

19
Q

why are the not a lot of solutions seen in stock at a community pharmacy

A

solids tend to last longer in terms of shelf life so they are favored.

20
Q

What is bioavailability

A

the fraction of an administered dose that reaches the blood stream

21
Q

what is bioavailability denoted by

A

F

22
Q

what can bioavailability come in the form of

A

% or fraction or decimal

23
Q

what is the bioavailability for IV injectibles

A

F = 1

24
Q

how do we calculate the bioavailability

A

Amount delivered divided by the amount given

25
Q

Why might the amount delivered not be the same as the amount absorbed

A

immediatly after GIT absorption the API are prone to 1st pass metabolism by the liver leaving a lot of the drug innert. However bioavailability takes this into account.

26
Q

What are the consequences of a poor bioavailability

A

need lots of API in the GIT in order for the little that is absorbed to have any action in the body

makes dosage form large and inconvenient
expensive
inefficient

27
Q

is half life constant

A

yes

28
Q

role of the pharmacist in regards to design

A

to design a dosage form that

gives the desired pharmacokinetic profile
minimally affected by patient to patient variation
is safe and convenient for patients to take
is stable over long periods of time
minimises sides effects of the api e.g. gastric irritation

Journey through GI (30 decks)

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