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Journey through GI > Inflammatory Bowel Disease > Flashcards

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is Inflammatory Bowel disease

A

Chronic, non specific inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract

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2
Q

what are two examples of inflammatory bowel disease

A

Crohns disease

Ulcerative colitis

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3
Q

when is the peak occurance of IBD

A

15 - 40 years old

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4
Q

do we know the cause of IBD

A

no but both are described as autoimmune disorders meaning there must be a trigger to hte inflammation

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5
Q

what are the risk factors of IBD

A 
Hygiene 
Diet
Sleep
Medications
Microbiome
Genetic susceptibility
physical activity
appendectomy
smoking
stress
vitamin D uv exposure
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6
Q

what is the initial evaluation

A

exclude other diseases

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7
Q

what blood test should be taken

A

general signs of inflammation and for anaemia and vitamin and mineral deficiencies

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8
Q

what can stool test be used to do

A

rule out infections

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9
Q

what is crohns disease

A

chronic inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tract

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10
Q

where does the inflammation extend from in chrons disease

A

inflammation extends all the way through the intestinal wall from mucous to serosa

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11
Q

what are the causative agents of pathogensis

A

bacteria
virus
dietary

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12
Q

what are the modifying factors of pathogenesis

A

environment

genetic

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13
Q

what are the luminal factors of pathogenesis

A

luminal bacteria
digestive enzymes
bile acids

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14
Q

describe pathogenesis in chrons disease

A

causative agents trigger an immune response which then causes inflammation and amplification leading to a tissue injury

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15
Q

what is the best way to define chrons disease

A

relapsing and remitting of a disease through the GI tract

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16
Q

what are symptoms of chrons disease

A

patients present with diarrhoea and insidious abdominal pain

pain is often exacerbated after feeding

diarrhoea is usually non bloody

patients can frequently have fever and weight loss

17
Q

what can non intestinal manifestation include for crohns disease

A

mout hulcers
arthritis
erythema nodosum

18
Q

what are the complications of Crohns disease

A

narrowing of intestine can lead to blockage of obstruction

  • severe cramping and abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and constipation treated surgically

localized collection of pus or infections

  • this causes pain and a fever

an abscess may also develop into a fistula

19
Q

how can fistulas be treated

A

diet , analgesics or with surgery

20
Q

what is proctitis

A

when only the rectum is affected

21
Q

what is distal colitis

A

when the descending colon is affected along with the rectum

22
Q

what is total colitis

A

everything affected in colon

23
Q

what is ulcerative colitis

A

condition that causes inflammation and ulceration of the inner lining of the rectum and colon

small ulcers develop on the surface of the intestinal lining and these may bleed and produce pus

24
Q

what are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis

A

loss of appetite and loss of weight

diarrhea often with blood and mucus and pus

cramping pains in the abdomen

tiredness and fatigue

feeling genrally unwell

anaemia

25
Q

from least to most agressive rank the methods IBD interventions from least to most

A 
Aminosalicylates
Antibiotics
Corticosteroids
Methotrexate
Cyclosporine
Infliximab
Experimental therapies
26
Q

what do aminosalicylates do

A

inhibit production of reactive oxygen species scavenge of free radicals which inhibit the function of lymphocytes and monocytes and plasma cell production of immunoglobulins

27
Q

what are the side effects of aminosalicylates

A 
nausea
vomiting
watery diarrhoea
headache
indigestion
mild allergic reactions with rash 
itchiness
fever
28
Q

what can sulphasalazing cause

A

male infertility by reducing the sperm count; resolves on stopping

29
Q

what can sulphasalazine reduce

A

absorption of folates (blood cell formation)

30
Q

what is sulphasalazine

A

aminosalicylates

31
Q

what do corticosteroid act on

A

immune system and block release of the substances that trigger allergic and inflammatory responses.

32
Q

what are some examples of corticosteroid

A

prednisolone, prednisone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone

33
Q

what are some common side effect of corticosteroids

A 
puffy face
excessive facial hair
night sweats
insomnia
hyperactivity
34
Q

what are the serious side effects for corticosteroids

A 
high blood pressure
type 2 diabetes
osteoporosis 
bone fratures
cataracts
increased susceptibility to infects
35
Q

what are the main immunosuppresant drugs

A 
azathioprine 
mercaptopurine
methotrexate
mycophenolate meofetil
ciclosporin
tacrolimus
36
Q

when should azathioprine be used

A

when 5 ASAs and steroids have failed to produce results

37
Q

what are the side effects of azathiprine used for

A

nausea
flu like illness
fever
diarrhoea

38
Q

what are some examples of biologic interventions

A

anti tumour necrosis factor alpha

humanized monoclonal antibodies

Journey through GI (30 decks)

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