GIT Therapeutics Flashcards
what is coeliac disease
auto immune disorder which is the inability to ingest gluten. Protein found in wheat, barley and rye. which is formed from gliadin and glutenin.
what can coeliac disease cause
damages to the small intestine
what is the immune response when a coeliac eats gluten
attacks small intestine making it harder to absorb nutrients and can often lead to comorbidities such as anaemia
what is a comorbiditity
comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional conditions often co-occurring with a primary condition.
What possible symptoms exist for cealiac
occasional or excessive diarrhoea
persistent or unexplained GI symptoms such as nausea vomiting
reccurent stomach pain, bloating , cramps
headaches and or tiredness
sudden weight loss
mouth ulcers
tooth enamel problems
skin rashes depression
depression
iron deficient anaemia
what will a doctor initially recommend on the arrival of a suspected coeliac
serological testing where the tissue transglutaminase lgA test is carried out and should be offered to those with diagnosis of IBS, test is available in pharmacy but not diagnostic
what treatment is there for coeliacs
life long adherence to a strictly gluten free diet,
avoid foods containing wheet, barley and rhy
what does ibs stand for
irritable bowel syndrome
what is a disease
characterized by an identifiable group of signs, symptoms, or both. Underlying causes normally identified including infection, inflammation, external factors, genetic defects
what is a syndrome
group of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, psychological disorder, or other abnormal condition
What type of disorder can ibs be classified as
functional disorder
what is IBD
inflammatory bowel disease which refers to chrons dicease and ulcerative colitis
what causes ibs
there is no known cause of it
what are some suggestions for ibs causes
drugs (antibiotics) food Gi surgery Ovarian hormones Fat Lack of fibre GI infections
Symptoms of IBS
abdominal pain / cramps relieved by going to the toilet
bloating and constipation
urgency to get to the toilet
alternate constipation and diarrhea
what is not an indicator of IBS
blood in stools
when do we diagnoze IBS
abdominal pain or discomfort
bloating
change in bowel habit
ABC > 6 months
what criteria must be formed before a diagnosis is formed
2 of the 3 abc
relief from defecation
stool form or frequency
what lifestyle advice can be given to someone who has IBS
8 cups of fluid per day of water or a herbal tea
review fibre intake (reduce)
limit fresh fruit (3 portions per day)
limit caffinated alcohollic and fizzy drinks
how can we manage ibs pharmacologically
antispasmoids
laxatives for constipation
loperamide for diarrhoe
how can we manage ibs pharmacologically 2nd line
tricyclic antidepressants
SSRIs
Psychological interventions
what is dyspepsia
general term for pain in the upper gastrointestinal tract e.g. heartburn
best described as a symptom of other GI conditions
what is gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
The symptoms and/or mucosal injury due to abnormal reflux of gastric contents in the oesophagus
what are some typical gord symptoms
heartburn
waterbrash
dysphagia
how can we treat gord
anatacids which are salts of calcium magnesium and aluminium which help to neutralise stomach pH
what is gastritis
inflammation of the gastric mucosa
how can a gastritis diagnosis be confirmed
endoscopic examination
what are the two site for treating dyspepsia
histamine 2 receptor antagonists
proton pump inhibitors
what is histamine used to treat
mild to moderate gord
what are the main unwanted effects of histamines
diarrhoea
dizziness
muscle pain
cimetidine can decrease male sexual function and interact with anticoagulants and tricyclic antidepressants
