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bio 1 > week 7, mar 28th - apr 1st > Flashcards

week 7, mar 28th - apr 1st Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 domains of biodiversity

A

Bacteria (prokaryotes)
Archaea (prokaryotes)
Eukarya (eukaryotes)

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2
Q

What is bacteria

A

A prokaryote

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3
Q

What is bacteria (prokaryotic cell) composed of

A 
No nucleus 
No membrane bound organelles 
Cell wall made of peptidoglycan 
Circular chromosome in nucleoid 
Ribosomes 
Plasma membrane
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4
Q

How does bacteria reproduce

A

Asexually

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5
Q

What is the asexual reproduction of plants

A

Binary fissions = one individual producing identical offspring

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6
Q

Describe the 4 phases of binary fission

A 
1 = attach chromosome to plasma membrane 
2 = DNA replication to produce 2 identical copies 
3 = break down cell wall to form 2 daughter bacteria cells 
4 = 2 identical bacteria cells
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7
Q

What are bacteria classified by

A

Shapes
Cell wall
Metabolism

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8
Q

Describe bacteria shapes

A 
Circle = coccus 
Rod = bacillus 
Spiral = spiralla
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9
Q

Describe bacteria cell wall

A

Gram positive = dark purple

Gram negative = pink

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10
Q

Name the 2 groups of bacteria metabolisms

A

Source of energy = prefix

Source of carbon = suffix

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11
Q

Describe source of energy (bacteria metabolism)

A 
From sun (photosynthesis) = photo 
From chemicals/molecules = chemo
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12
Q

Describe source of carbon (bacteria metabolism)

A

From atmospheric CO2 = autotroph

From eating others = heterotroph

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13
Q

Describe a chemoheterotroph

A

Pathogens = disease causing

Probiotics

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14
Q

Describe a chemoautotroph

A

Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Fix N2 into ammonia
Plants use ammonia as fertilizer to make all their amino acids

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15
Q

Describe a photoautotroph

A 
Does photosynthesis with w/o a chloroplast 
Called cyanobacteria (common name = blue algae)
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16
Q

Describe how to perform photosynthesis without a chloroplast

A

Chlorophyll is in the infolding of the plasma membrane
Uses sunlight and works the same
Exchange between glucose and nitrogen fixing/nucleotides/amino acids in other cell

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17
Q

Describe the domain eukarya

A

Organisms are composes of eukaryotic cells

18
Q

Name the subgroups in eukarya

A

Protists
Kingdom fungi
Kingdom plantae
Kingdom animalia

19
Q

Describe the subgroups of protists

A 
Autotroph = algae/photosynthesis (cell wall)
Heterotroph = animal like protists (no cell wall, motile)
20
Q

What are animal like protists classified by

A

How they move

21
Q

Describe the 3 types of movement by animal like protists

A

Moves with cilia
Moves with pseudopods
Spread by spores

22
Q

Describe animal like protists which move by cilia

A

Paramecium (lives in freshwater)
Unicellular
Contractile vacuole to expel water using ATP

23
Q

Describe animal like protists which move by pseudopods

A

Amoeba

Use pseudopods for moving and for phagocytosis

24
Q

Describe animal like protists which are spread by spores

A

Malaria

25
Q

What are plant like protists classified by

A

Pigments

26
Q

What is green algae

A

Believed to be the ancestor to land plants

27
Q

Describe the similarities between green algae and kingdom plantae

A 
Similar cell wall composition 
Similar cell plate during cell division 
Similar enzymes in peroxisome 
Same chlorophyll 
Gametophyte produces a flagellated sperm (swimming sperm)
28
Q

Describe kingdom fungi

A

Eukaryotes
Heterotroph
Cell wall of chitin
Multicellular except yeast (unicellular)

29
Q

Describe heterotrophs in relation to kingdom fungi

A

Secrete enzymes in their environment
Hydrolysis of polymers
Absorb monomers through cell wall

30
Q

Describe the modes of feeding of heterotrophs in relation to kingdom fungi

A

Pathogens (disease causing)
Saprobe/decomposer = feeding on dead matter
Breakdown organic matter into inorganic, become fertilizer for plants

31
Q

What is a symbiotic relationship

A

Two species living together

32
Q

What is a mutualistic symbiotic relationship

A

Both benefit

33
Q

Give an example of a mutualistic symbiotic relationship

A

Fungi and a plant
Fungi uses mycorrhizae to enter root of plants
Fungi provides minerals to the plant
Plant provides product of photosynthesis (glucose) to fungi

34
Q

What is a lichen symbiotic relationship

A

Combination of a fungi and an algae
Mutualistic symbiosis
Fungi provides a home for algae
Algae is photosynthesis

35
Q

Describe the life cycle of fungi (yeast)

A

Yeast is unicellular (haploid)
Does mitosis called budding
Buds a new haploid cell = 2 cells now

36
Q

Describe mushrooms

A

Mushrooms are reproductive bodies composed of haploid cells, no tissues
Hair like structure called hypha
Mass hyphae forms a mycelium

37
Q

How can a mushroom spread

A

Spores or underground network of hyphae

38
Q

Describe sexual reproduction of mushrooms

A

Fusing gametangia to form a fertilized egg
Called zygote (diploid, only stage that is diploid)
Zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid cells
Mitosis forms multicellular haploid organisms

39
Q

How is kingdom fungi similar to kingdom plantae

A

Cell wall
Spreading by spores
Anchored/sessile

40
Q

How is kingdom fungi similar to kingdom animalia

A

Heterotroph
Storing glycogen
Centrosome/centrioles

bio 1 (16 decks)

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