week 7, mar 28th - apr 1st

Question 1

What are the 3 domains of biodiversity

Answer 1

Bacteria (prokaryotes)
Archaea (prokaryotes)
Eukarya (eukaryotes)

Question 2

What is bacteria

Answer 2

A prokaryote

Question 3

What is bacteria (prokaryotic cell) composed of

Answer 3

No nucleus 
No membrane bound organelles 
Cell wall made of peptidoglycan 
Circular chromosome in nucleoid 
Ribosomes 
Plasma membrane

Question 4

How does bacteria reproduce

Answer 4

Asexually

Question 5

What is the asexual reproduction of plants

Answer 5

Binary fissions = one individual producing identical offspring

Question 6

Describe the 4 phases of binary fission

Answer 6

1 = attach chromosome to plasma membrane 
2 = DNA replication to produce 2 identical copies 
3 = break down cell wall to form 2 daughter bacteria cells 
4 = 2 identical bacteria cells

Question 7

What are bacteria classified by

Answer 7

Shapes
Cell wall
Metabolism

Question 8

Describe bacteria shapes

Answer 8

Circle = coccus 
Rod = bacillus 
Spiral = spiralla

Question 9

Describe bacteria cell wall

Answer 9

Gram positive = dark purple

Gram negative = pink

Question 10

Name the 2 groups of bacteria metabolisms

Answer 10

Source of energy = prefix

Source of carbon = suffix

Question 11

Describe source of energy (bacteria metabolism)

Answer 11

From sun (photosynthesis) = photo 
From chemicals/molecules = chemo

Question 12

Describe source of carbon (bacteria metabolism)

Answer 12

From atmospheric CO2 = autotroph

From eating others = heterotroph

Question 13

Describe a chemoheterotroph

Answer 13

Pathogens = disease causing

Probiotics

Question 14

Describe a chemoautotroph

Answer 14

Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Fix N2 into ammonia
Plants use ammonia as fertilizer to make all their amino acids

Question 15

Describe a photoautotroph

Answer 15

Does photosynthesis with w/o a chloroplast 
Called cyanobacteria (common name = blue algae)

Question 16

Describe how to perform photosynthesis without a chloroplast

Answer 16

Chlorophyll is in the infolding of the plasma membrane
Uses sunlight and works the same
Exchange between glucose and nitrogen fixing/nucleotides/amino acids in other cell

Question 17

Describe the domain eukarya

Answer 17

Organisms are composes of eukaryotic cells

Question 18

Name the subgroups in eukarya

Answer 18

Protists
Kingdom fungi
Kingdom plantae
Kingdom animalia

Question 19

Describe the subgroups of protists

Answer 19

Autotroph = algae/photosynthesis (cell wall)
Heterotroph = animal like protists (no cell wall, motile)

Question 20

What are animal like protists classified by

Answer 20

How they move

Question 21

Describe the 3 types of movement by animal like protists

Answer 21

Moves with cilia
Moves with pseudopods
Spread by spores

Question 22

Describe animal like protists which move by cilia

Answer 22

Paramecium (lives in freshwater)
Unicellular
Contractile vacuole to expel water using ATP

Question 23

Describe animal like protists which move by pseudopods

Answer 23

Amoeba

Use pseudopods for moving and for phagocytosis

Question 24

Describe animal like protists which are spread by spores

Answer 24

Malaria

Question 25

What are plant like protists classified by

Answer 25

Pigments

Question 26

What is green algae

Answer 26

Believed to be the ancestor to land plants

Question 27

Describe the similarities between green algae and kingdom plantae

Answer 27

``` Similar cell wall composition Similar cell plate during cell division Similar enzymes in peroxisome Same chlorophyll Gametophyte produces a flagellated sperm (swimming sperm) ```

Question 28

Describe kingdom fungi

Answer 28

Eukaryotes Heterotroph Cell wall of chitin Multicellular except yeast (unicellular)

Question 29

Describe heterotrophs in relation to kingdom fungi

Answer 29

Secrete enzymes in their environment Hydrolysis of polymers Absorb monomers through cell wall

Question 30

Describe the modes of feeding of heterotrophs in relation to kingdom fungi

Answer 30

Pathogens (disease causing) Saprobe/decomposer = feeding on dead matter Breakdown organic matter into inorganic, become fertilizer for plants

Question 31

What is a symbiotic relationship

Answer 31

Two species living together

Question 32

What is a mutualistic symbiotic relationship

Answer 32

Both benefit

Question 33

Give an example of a mutualistic symbiotic relationship

Answer 33

Fungi and a plant Fungi uses mycorrhizae to enter root of plants Fungi provides minerals to the plant Plant provides product of photosynthesis (glucose) to fungi

Question 34

What is a lichen symbiotic relationship

Answer 34

Combination of a fungi and an algae Mutualistic symbiosis Fungi provides a home for algae Algae is photosynthesis

Question 35

Describe the life cycle of fungi (yeast)

Answer 35

Yeast is unicellular (haploid) Does mitosis called budding Buds a new haploid cell = 2 cells now

Question 36

Describe mushrooms

Answer 36

Mushrooms are reproductive bodies composed of haploid cells, no tissues Hair like structure called hypha Mass hyphae forms a mycelium

Question 37

How can a mushroom spread

Answer 37

Spores or underground network of hyphae

Question 38

Describe sexual reproduction of mushrooms

Answer 38

Fusing gametangia to form a fertilized egg Called zygote (diploid, only stage that is diploid) Zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid cells Mitosis forms multicellular haploid organisms

Question 39

How is kingdom fungi similar to kingdom plantae

Answer 39

Cell wall Spreading by spores Anchored/sessile

Question 40

How is kingdom fungi similar to kingdom animalia

Answer 40

Heterotroph Storing glycogen Centrosome/centrioles