week 7, mar 28th - apr 1st Flashcards
What are the 3 domains of biodiversity
Bacteria (prokaryotes)
Archaea (prokaryotes)
Eukarya (eukaryotes)
What is bacteria
A prokaryote
What is bacteria (prokaryotic cell) composed of
No nucleus No membrane bound organelles Cell wall made of peptidoglycan Circular chromosome in nucleoid Ribosomes Plasma membrane
How does bacteria reproduce
Asexually
What is the asexual reproduction of plants
Binary fissions = one individual producing identical offspring
Describe the 4 phases of binary fission
1 = attach chromosome to plasma membrane 2 = DNA replication to produce 2 identical copies 3 = break down cell wall to form 2 daughter bacteria cells 4 = 2 identical bacteria cells
What are bacteria classified by
Shapes
Cell wall
Metabolism
Describe bacteria shapes
Circle = coccus Rod = bacillus Spiral = spiralla
Describe bacteria cell wall
Gram positive = dark purple
Gram negative = pink
Name the 2 groups of bacteria metabolisms
Source of energy = prefix
Source of carbon = suffix
Describe source of energy (bacteria metabolism)
From sun (photosynthesis) = photo From chemicals/molecules = chemo
Describe source of carbon (bacteria metabolism)
From atmospheric CO2 = autotroph
From eating others = heterotroph
Describe a chemoheterotroph
Pathogens = disease causing
Probiotics
Describe a chemoautotroph
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Fix N2 into ammonia
Plants use ammonia as fertilizer to make all their amino acids
Describe a photoautotroph
Does photosynthesis with w/o a chloroplast Called cyanobacteria (common name = blue algae)
Describe how to perform photosynthesis without a chloroplast
Chlorophyll is in the infolding of the plasma membrane
Uses sunlight and works the same
Exchange between glucose and nitrogen fixing/nucleotides/amino acids in other cell
Describe the domain eukarya
Organisms are composes of eukaryotic cells
Name the subgroups in eukarya
Protists
Kingdom fungi
Kingdom plantae
Kingdom animalia
Describe the subgroups of protists
Autotroph = algae/photosynthesis (cell wall) Heterotroph = animal like protists (no cell wall, motile)
What are animal like protists classified by
How they move
Describe the 3 types of movement by animal like protists
Moves with cilia
Moves with pseudopods
Spread by spores
Describe animal like protists which move by cilia
Paramecium (lives in freshwater)
Unicellular
Contractile vacuole to expel water using ATP
Describe animal like protists which move by pseudopods
Amoeba
Use pseudopods for moving and for phagocytosis
Describe animal like protists which are spread by spores
Malaria
What are plant like protists classified by
Pigments
What is green algae
Believed to be the ancestor to land plants
Describe the similarities between green algae and kingdom plantae
Similar cell wall composition Similar cell plate during cell division Similar enzymes in peroxisome Same chlorophyll Gametophyte produces a flagellated sperm (swimming sperm)
Describe kingdom fungi
Eukaryotes
Heterotroph
Cell wall of chitin
Multicellular except yeast (unicellular)
Describe heterotrophs in relation to kingdom fungi
Secrete enzymes in their environment
Hydrolysis of polymers
Absorb monomers through cell wall
Describe the modes of feeding of heterotrophs in relation to kingdom fungi
Pathogens (disease causing)
Saprobe/decomposer = feeding on dead matter
Breakdown organic matter into inorganic, become fertilizer for plants
What is a symbiotic relationship
Two species living together
What is a mutualistic symbiotic relationship
Both benefit
Give an example of a mutualistic symbiotic relationship
Fungi and a plant
Fungi uses mycorrhizae to enter root of plants
Fungi provides minerals to the plant
Plant provides product of photosynthesis (glucose) to fungi
What is a lichen symbiotic relationship
Combination of a fungi and an algae
Mutualistic symbiosis
Fungi provides a home for algae
Algae is photosynthesis
Describe the life cycle of fungi (yeast)
Yeast is unicellular (haploid)
Does mitosis called budding
Buds a new haploid cell = 2 cells now
Describe mushrooms
Mushrooms are reproductive bodies composed of haploid cells, no tissues
Hair like structure called hypha
Mass hyphae forms a mycelium
How can a mushroom spread
Spores or underground network of hyphae
Describe sexual reproduction of mushrooms
Fusing gametangia to form a fertilized egg
Called zygote (diploid, only stage that is diploid)
Zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid cells
Mitosis forms multicellular haploid organisms
How is kingdom fungi similar to kingdom plantae
Cell wall
Spreading by spores
Anchored/sessile
How is kingdom fungi similar to kingdom animalia
Heterotroph
Storing glycogen
Centrosome/centrioles
