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bio 1 > week 11, apr 25th - 29th > Flashcards

week 11, apr 25th - 29th Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe flow chart of circulatory system of birds and mammals

A 
All organs except lungs 
Oxygen poor blood returning to heart via two vena cava 
Two vena cava 
Right atrium 
Right ventricle 
Pulmonary trunk 
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs 
Oxygen rich blood 
Left atrium 
Left ventricle 
Aorta 
(Back to top)
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2
Q

Name species in class mammalia

A

Bat
Whale
Human

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3
Q

Name two common features of class mammalia

A

Hair

Production of milk to feed young

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4
Q

Name and explain the three groups of mammals

A 
Monotremes = produce amniotic egg (eggshell) 
Marsupials = have neonates that climb to the pouch to fuse mouth to nipple 
Placental = embryo implants and the placenta develops to feed the fetus via an umbilical cord
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5
Q

Name parts of mammal circulatory system

A 
AV valves 
Semilunar valves 
Arteries 
Arterioles 
Capillaries 
Veins
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6
Q

Describe basic flow chart of mammal circulatory system

A 
Heart 
Arteries 
Arterioles
Capillaries in organs 
Venules
Veins 
(Back to top)
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7
Q

What are arteries and arterioles (mammal circulatory system)

A 
Arteries = always transport blood away from heart, most transport oxygen rich blood 
Arterioles = control the amount of blood going into an organ
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8
Q

Do all arteries transport oxygen rich blood (mammal circulatory system)

A

NO

All do except pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries

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9
Q

What do AV and semilunar valves do (mammal circulatory system)

A

AV valves prevent back flow into both atria

Semilunar valves prevent back flow into both ventricles

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10
Q

What do capillaries and veins do (mammal circulatory system)

A 
Capillaries = smallest vessel forming a capillary bed in an organ, donate oxygen, nutrients (glucose and amino acids) to cells of organs, reabsorbs carbon dioxide and other waste 
Veins = blood reservoir, most of blood is in veins, hage valves to help blood returning to heart
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11
Q

Name composition of blood of mammals

A

Cells mostly erythrocytes
Leucocytes
Thrombocytes
Plasma

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12
Q

What are erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

Have hemoglobins to transport oxygen

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13
Q

What are leucocytes

A

White blood cells
Nucleated
For immune system (phagocytes and make antibodies)

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14
Q

What are thrombocytes

A

Platelets

Blood clotting

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15
Q

What is plasma

A 
Liquid portion of blood 
Mostly water 
Proteins (antibodies and clotting) 
Electrolytes 
Buffer
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16
Q

What separates blood

A

Centrifuge

17
Q

Describe flow of air for humans

A 
Nose/mouth 
Pharynx 
Larynx (voice box) 
Trachea (wind pipe) 
Bronchus (have two bronchi total) 
Bronchioles
Alveolar sac 
Alveolus
18
Q

Where does gas exchange occur for humans respiratory system

A

Alveolar sac

Alveolus

19
Q

Describe gas exchange of humans

A

Passive transport = high to low, simple diffusion across phospholipid bilayer

20
Q

Describe flow of gas exchange for humans

A 
Right ventricle 
Pulmonary artery 
Oxygen poor blood 
Capillary head 
Oxygen rich blood 
Pulmonary veins 
Left atrium
21
Q

Describe breathing of humans

A

Negative pressure breathing = air moving toward lower pressure
Inhale
Exhale

22
Q

Describe inhale of humans

A

Diaphragm contracts = diaphragm lowers when it contracts
Rib cage lifts
Volume in chest expands
Pressure decreases

23
Q

Describe exhale of humans

A 
Passive 
Diaphragm relaxes = diaphragm moves upwards  
Rib cage leaves
Decreasing volume in lungs 
Increasing pressure in lungs
24
Q

State population genetics (hardy Weinberg principle) theory

A

If four conditions are met the frequencies of individuals (genotypes) won’t change from generation to generation = no evolution

25
Q

What is a population and what is a species

A 
Population = members of the same species that interact together 
Species = members that can reproduce (viable offspring and fertile)
26
Q

What is a gene pool

A

All the alleles of the all the members of a population

27
Q

Describe math portion of population genetics

A

Always adds up to 1
And = multiply
Or = add
* add up each individual and put over total to get decimals and must add up to 1

28
Q

Explain frequencies of alleles

A

Gametes/haploid in gene pool
Dominant allele = p
Recessive allele = q
p + q = 1

29
Q

Explain frequencies of individuals

A

Homozygous dominant = p^2
Heterozygous = 2pq
Homozygous recessive = q^2
p^2 + 2pq + q^2

30
Q

What is genetic drift

A

When frequencies in gene pool would change with time

31
Q

Name and explain first condition for no evolution

A

Need a large population
No founder effect (when a small group of pioneers go and populate an isolated area)
No bottle neck effect (when a major event kills most of population, few surviving will not represent genetic diversity or frequencies observed before)

bio 1 (16 decks)

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