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bio 1 > week 4, feb 21st - 25th > Flashcards

week 4, feb 21st - 25th Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the plasma cell membrane

A

Called fluid mosaic layer
Fluid = molecules move laterally (sideways)
Mosaic = collage, pathwork of proteins

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2
Q

What is the plasma cell membrane mostly composed of

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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3
Q

Describe the phospholipid bilayer and other elements of the plasma membrane

A

Integral proteins (transmembrane) used for transport
Peripheral proteins are not embedded or for transport
Cholesterol influences fluidity of membrane
Glycoproteins and glycolipids are for cell recognition

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4
Q

What happens inside the cell in relation to the plasma membrane and its components

A

Integral protein and cholesterol and the peripheral proteins work together

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5
Q

What happens outside the cell in relation to the plasma membrane and its components

A

The glycoproteins and glycolipids are formed

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6
Q

What type of permeability does the plasma membrane have

A

Semi permeable

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7
Q

Describe what can go through the plasma membrane

A

Fat soluble, non polar, hydrophobic molecules go through phospholipid bilayer 
Polar, hydrophilic monomers or ions go through integral proteins

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8
Q

What cannot go through plasma membrane

A

Polymers

They need to be wrapped in vesicle that will fuse to plasma membrane, requires ATP

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of transport

A

Passive transport and active transport

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10
Q

Describe passive transport

A

High concentration to low (with concentration gradient)
No ATP needed
Reaches equilibrium (equal concentrations on both sides of cell membrane)

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11
Q

Name the 3 types of passive transport

A

Simple diffusion
Carrier-facilitated diffusion
Osmosis

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12
Q

Describe active transport

A

Low concentration to high (against gradient)
Needs ATP
Leads to different concentrations across membrane

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13
Q

Name the 3 types of active transport

A

Endocytosis (eg phagocytosis)
Exocytosis (protein exportation)
Pumps

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14
Q

Describe simple diffusion

A

For fat soluble molecules (small gases like O2 & CO2, alcohol ester pesticides)
Non polar & hydrophobic
Goes through phospholipid bilayer

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15
Q

Describe carrier facilitated diffusion

A

Polar & hydrophilic monomers (glucose) or ions (gated channels)
Goes through a specific integral protein
Glucose goes to receptor, protein changes shape and releases glucose to area of low glucose

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16
Q

Describe osmosis

A

Movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration across a semi permeable membrane

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17
Q

What is hypotonic

A

High H2O less solutes

18
Q

What is hypertonic

A

Low H2O high solutes

19
Q

Describe a plant cell in hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions

A 
Hypotonic = osmotic pressure pushes inwards, turgor pressure is the resistance of cell wall, cell is turgid :)
Isotonic = flaccid :\
Hypertonic = plasma membrane collapses, plasmolysis :( (death)
20
Q

Describe an animal cell in hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions

A 
Hypotonic = bursts, hemolysis :( (death)
Isotonic = :) equilibrium 
Hypertonic = shrivels up :\
21
Q

Describe exocytosis

A

Protein secretion/exportation
Happens in golgi, protein transported in a secretory vesicle and is exported
Plant cells secrete more cell wall material by exocytosis

22
Q

Name the 2 types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

23
Q

Describe phagocytosis

A

Cellular eating
Formation of pseudopods surrounding food or germ, engulfs food or germ into a food vacuole, lysosomes fuse with food vacuole = intracellular digestion

24
Q

Describe pinocytosis

A

Cellular drinking
Droplets of liquid with polymers enter groove/infold, forms vesicle containing droplets (nutrients), lysosome fuses with vesicle, hydrolysis of polymers
Happens for tapeworms, sperm cells and oocytes (fed by pinocytosis)

25
Q

What is isotonic

A

Equilibrium of H20 and solutes

26
Q

What is interphase

A

In between cell division

*uncoiled DNA

27
Q

Name the stages in interphase

A

G1
S
G2

28
Q

Describe G1

A

Growth of daughter cell

Transcription and translation

29
Q

Describe S

A

DNA synthesis called DNA replication (double the DNA in G1), creates 2 identical DNA molecules attached by a centromere

30
Q

Describe G2

A

Duplication of organelles for each daughter cell to receive a copy

31
Q

What is mitosis

A

Formation of identical daughter cells

32
Q

True or false: mitosis forms ALL the cells of the body

A

False, it forms all the cells of the body (somatic cells) EXCEPT gametes (sperm & egg cells)

33
Q

How many chromosomes does a human have

A

2n (diploid, 2 sets of chromosomes) one from mom other from dad

34
Q

What are the stages of Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase (tied in with cytokinesis = cytoplasm divsion)

35
Q

Describe prophase (animal cell)

A

4 visible chromosomes

Each has 2 sister chromatids

36
Q

Describe prometaphase (animal cell)

A

Nuclear envelop fragments as mitotic spindle grows

37
Q

Describe metaphase (animal cell)

A

Individual chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (equator)
Kinetochore plates attach chromosomes to mitotic spindle (composed of microtubules)

38
Q

Describe anaphase (animal cell)

A

Sister chromatids separate from each other to move to opposite pole
Now referred to as chromosomes

39
Q

Describe telophase (animal cell)

A

Cytokinesis, division of cytoplasm forming a cleavage furrow using microfilaments (cytoskeleton = actin)
Forms 2 identical daughter cells, then interphase G1 & S

40
Q

Describe telophase (plant cell)

A

Cytokinesis = formation of a cell plate
Vesicles formed by golgi containing cellulose moving to the metaphase plate, then vesicles fuse together to form a cell plate

bio 1 (16 decks)

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