bio lab 3 week 8 Flashcards

Question

What are protists believed ro be

Answer 1

Ancestors of plants, fungi and animals

Answer 2

Important food source in aquatic food chains (phytoplankton and zooplankton)

Answer 3

Furry hair part on outside

Answer 4

Unicellular Oval shape Uses 2 flagella at anterior end for movement

Answer 5

Colonial organism showing division of labour | Cells that are arranged in a hollow sphere surrounding daughter colonies (mode of reproduction)

Answer 6

Multicellular | Filamentous green algae with a spiral shaped chloroplast

Answer 7

Non motile organisms with rigid cell walls made of chitin

Answer 8

Masses of filamentous cells which provide area for absorption

Answer 9

Absorptive heterotrophs

Answer 10

Decomposers (saprobes) Parasites Mutualistic (lichens)

Answer 11

Variety of colours and forms

Answer 12

2 different organisms = photosynthetic autotroph and a fungus Fungus receives nutrients produced by autotroph through photosynthesis Autotroph receives minerals absorbed by fungus

Answer 13

Terrestrial plants that have simple requirements as green algae

Answer 14

``` Light CO2 O2 H2O Some minerals ```

Answer 15

Evolved vascular tissues in the form of roots to transport nutrients from soil Pollen and seeds evolved for fertilization and protection/dispersion of the embryo

Answer 16

Alternation of generations

Answer 17

Small land plants No vascular tissue Keep all parts of plant body close to moist soil Reproduce sexually by flagellated sperm cells swimming to egg cells Gametophyte (haploid) is dominant and the spore producing sporophyte (diploid) is dependant on the gametophyte

Answer 18

Seedless plants Grow taller than bryophytes because of vascular tissue in the sporophyte Limited to moist environments Flagellated sperms must swim to egg cells to achieve fertilization in sexual reproduction Gametophyte produces a fiddlehead that develops into sporophyte which is dominant

Answer 19

Conifers (pines, firs, spruces, cedars…) Gymnosperm = naked seed Have male and female cones Most are evergreens that retain leaves year round Needle shaped leaves are adapted to dry and cold conditions Gymnosperms have seed and pollen Sporophyte stage is dominant

Answer 20

Flowering plants Most numerous, diverse and widespread of the terrestrial plants Plant or tree we recognize = mature sporophyte (multicellular diploid) Gametophytes are housed within flower (specialized reproductive structure in angiosperms) Have seed and pollen Additional adaptations of flowers and fruit (protects seeds) Flower is often colourful to advertise the flowers to pollinators (birds and insects)

Answer 21

Modified leaves Stamen (male reproductive organ) Carpel/pistil (female reproductive organ)

Answer 22

``` Sepal = enclose and protect the flower bud before opening Petal = colourful and advertise to pollinators ```

Answer 23

``` Anther = pollen sac of the flower which produces pollen grains containing male gamete Filament = supports the anther ```

Answer 24

``` Stigma = sticky part of the carpel that traps pollen grains Style = stalk of carpel Ovary = part of carpel in which egg containing ovules develop, develops into fruit ```

Answer 25

``` Taproot = thick main root with lateral roots growing from it Fibrous = no central root, consists of mass of thick roots Adventitious = grows from the stem or any organ other than the root ```

Answer 26

``` Epidermis Cortex Endodermis Pericycle Xylem Phloem ```

Answer 27

Protective outer layer, 1-3 cell layers thick

Answer 28

Stores starch, large cells between vascular bundle and epidermis

Answer 29

Single layer of smaller cells just inside cortex, cell walls are thickened, controls entry of water into vascular bundle

Answer 30

Have ability to divide and give rise to lateral roots, single layer of cells just inside endodermis

Answer 31

Conduct water and minerals throughout plant and provide support, large thick walled dead cells in centre, x shaped

Answer 32

Transports organic food throughout plant, small, compact, live cells between arms of xylem

Answer 33

Part of plant above ground, upright, bears leaves Supports leaves and flowers of the plant Some stems are sites of food storage

Answer 34

Blade = broad, flat part of leaf Petiole = thin stem like part that attaches the blade to the stem (some leaves lack petioles and have the blades directly attached to the stem = sessile leaves) Venation present = veins are vascular bundles seen in longitudinal sections Leaves can be simple (single leaf) or compound (leaflets)

Answer 35

Some leaves have parallel venation | Others have net venation (palmate or pinnate)

Answer 36

``` Upper epidermis Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll Lower epidermis Guard cells Stoma Vascular bundle (vein) ```

Answer 37

Top layer of cells coated with waxy cuticle

Answer 38

Cylindrically shaped cells arranged in layers just below the upper epidermis, main area of photosynthesis, many chloroplasts

Answer 39

Irregularly shaped cells just below the palisade mesophyll with many air spaces between them

Answer 40

Bottom layer of cells

Answer 41

Controls opening and closing of stomata

Answer 42

Gas exchange for photosynthesis/cellular respiration and water evaporation

Answer 43

Thick walled xylem cells and small phloem cells, transportation of water, minerals and food throughout plants

Answer 44

Syringa = mesophyte (not too wet, not too dry) Nerium, oleander = xerophyte (dry) Nymphea = hydrophyte (wet, floats on water)

Answer 45

Normal cuticle One layer of epidermis cells No large spaces in spongy mesophyll Stomata in lower epidermis not in pits lined with hair

Answer 46

Very thick cuticle More than one layer of epidermal cells Stomata are in sheltered pits lined by hairs Palisade mesophyll cells are smaller and less numerous

Answer 47

Very thin cuticle Bigger palisade layer and epidermal cells many contain chloroplasts Stomata in upper epidermis Very large air chambers in spongy mesophyll to float

Answer 48

Place specimen in a drop of water on the slide Gently lower coverslip to avoid formation of air bubbles Dry the underside of slip before putting it on the stage (wet slide will stick to stage and make it hard to move it around)