Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio 1 > week 1, jan 31st - feb 4th > Flashcards

week 1, jan 31st - feb 4th Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the order of organized matter

A 
Atoms 
Molecules 
Organelles 
Cells 
Tissues 
Organs
Systems 
Organisms 
Population 
Community 
Ecosystem 
Biomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the elements living things are composed of

A

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus (*phosphate group PO4-), sulfur
(CHNOPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the groups of macromolecules

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are organelles

A

Structures inside a cell with a specific function (chloroplast, mitochondrion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a cell

A

Basic unit of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define unicellular

A

Organism composed of one cell (bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define colony

A

Organisms hanging out as a gang (bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define multicellular

A

Organisms composed of many cells (plants, animals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are tissues

A

Group of similar cells (mesophyll tissue does photosynthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are organs

A

Structure in a multicellular organism with a specific function composed of different tissues (leaf = organ for photosynthesis, stomach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a system

A

Group of organs with a similar general function (circulatory system, respiratory system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an organism

A

Living thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a population

A

Group of individuals of the same species interacting together *pocket, can have same species in diff places and it makes them 2 diff pops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define biological species

A

Members have the potential of reproducing viable and fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a community

A

Sum of all the populations interacting together, sum of the biotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

Community interacting with the abiotic (physical, non living factors like sunlight, precipitation, temp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are biomes

A

Large terrestrial ecosystem (temperate deciduous forest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

State the first law of thermodynamics

A

Energy is not created or destroyed it is transferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

State order of energy transfer within a cell (organism)

A

Sunlight energy —> chloroplast (organelle), chlorophyll traps the sunlight energy —> photosynthesis w/ CO2 + H20 (transforms to glucose) and O2 —> cellular respiration (mitochondrion) —> ATP AND back to CO2 + H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

State order of energy transfer within ecosystem (food chain)

A

Sunlight energy —> plant (photosynthesis, primary producer, autotroph) —> insect (primary consumer, heterotroph, herbivore) —> rodent (secondary consumer, heterotroph, carnivore) —> snake (heterotroph, tertiary consumer) —> hawk (quaternary consumer, top carnivore)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define autotroph

A

Self-feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define heterotroph

A

Feeding on others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the energy pyramid and the amount of energy

A

Top carnivores, quaternary consumers, heterotroph
Carnivore, tertiary consumers, heterotroph
Carnivore, secondary consumer, heterotroph
Herbivore, primary consumer, heterotroph
Primary producers, autotroph (photosynthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

State the second law of thermodynamics

A

When energy is transferred most is lost to entropy (heat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which trophic level has the highest concentration of toxic concentration

A

Biomagnification is found in the top layer of the pyramid (top carnivores)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which trophic level has the highest amount of stored energy

A

Bottom layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which trophic level has the least amount of stored energy

A

Top level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a macromolecule

A

A very large molecule

29
Q

What are monomers

A

Small molecules with a specific function and structure
They have a hydroxyl group (OH) end and hydrogen end (H)
Subunits of polymers (lego pieces)

30
Q

What are polymers

A

Very large macromolecules composed of many monomers

They have a hydroxyl group (OH) end and hydrogen end (H) (clasp of necklace, assembled legos)

31
Q

What are dehydration (condensation) reactions

A

Add monomers together to eventually form a polymer

Each time a monomer is added a molecule of water is released

32
Q

True or False: A Dehydration reaction is the opposite of a hydrolysis reaction

A

True

33
Q

What are hydrolysis reactions

A

Break down polymers to release monomers

Each time a monomer is released a molecule of water is needed

34
Q

Carbs are…

A

Macromolecules

35
Q

What are monomers called in relation to carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides (eg glucose)

36
Q

Describe the glucose monosaccharide

A

Forms ring in water
Product of photosynthesis
Blood sugar
Fuel for making ATP (cellular energy) using cellular respiration

37
Q

What does adding two monosaccharides produce

A

Disaccharide via dehydration a glycosidic linkage is formed and a molecule of water is released

38
Q

What are polymers called in relation to carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharides

39
Q

Name the two types of polysaccharides

A

Storage polysaccharides (of energy) and structural polysaccharides (building material)

40
Q

Which glucose can we digest

A

Alpha glucose

41
Q

Which glucose cant we digest

A

Beta glucose

42
Q

Name the two types of storage polysaccharides

A

Starch and glycogen

43
Q

Name the two types of structural polysaccharides

A

Cellulose and chitin

44
Q

Describe starch

A

Composed of many alpha glucose, plants store their energy as starch

45
Q

Describe glycogen

A

Composed of many alpha glucose, animals store some energy (in liver and skeletal muscles)

46
Q

Describe cellulose

A

Composed of many beta glucose, cell wall of plant cells

Diet (fibers are not digested)

47
Q

What type of fibers reduce the risk of developing colon cancer

A

insoluble fibers

48
Q

Describe chitin

A

Composed of amino sugars, cell wall of fungi (mushrooms), exoskeleton of arthropods (insects)

49
Q

Describe an overview of Carbohydrates

A
  1. Glucose is produced by photosynthesis (1 unit)
  2. Plants transport sucrose in phloem (2 units)
  3. Plants store starch (many units)
  4. Hydrolysis of starch in mouth
  5. Hydrolysis in small intestine to release glucose (1 unit)
  6. Absorb glucose into blood sugar
  7. Store glycogen in liver
  8. Cellulose is fibers and are not digested (are eliminating)
50
Q

Are lipids polar molecules

A

No, lipids are hydrophobic (water fearing, non polar molecules)

51
Q

Name the three types of lipids

A

Fats and oils
Phospholipids
Steroids

52
Q

Describe fats and oils

A

Composed of a glycerol and three fatty acid chains called triacylglycerol or triglyceride

Add glycerol + 3 fatty acids –> via dehydration they are linked by ester linkages and form triacylglycerol/triglyceride and release 3 H2O

53
Q

Name two main types of fatty acid chain

A

Saturated and unsaturated

54
Q

Describe saturated fatty acid chain

A

Each carbon within chain is saturated with hydrogen
Solid at room temp
Sources = red meat, animal fat (bacon), tropical oils (palm oil), chocolate

55
Q

Describe unsaturated fatty acid chain

A

Double bond within the chain of carbon (bent shape)
Liquid at room temp
Sources = vegetable oil

56
Q

Which type of fatty acid chain is better for your health

A

Unsaturated

57
Q

Name two types of unsaturated fatty acid chains

A

Mnounsaturated and polyunsaturated

58
Q

Describe monounsaturated fatty acid chains

A

One double bond
Sources = olive oil and canola oil
lowers risk of cardiovascular diseases

59
Q

Describe polyunsaturated fatty acid chains

A

Many double bonds (has omega 6 and omega 3)
Humans need more omega 3 (found in flaxseed and fish)
Lowers risk of cardiovascular diseases
Lowers blood cholesterol
Helps brain integrity

60
Q

True or false: Eating many foods with saturated fats is healthy

A

False

Saturated fats increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases

61
Q

Describe phospholipids

A

Composed of a hydrophilic (water loving, polar) head and two hydrophobic tails (2 fatty acid chains)

62
Q

Describe phospholipid bilayer

A

Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic center (tails)
Major components of membranes
- plasma (cell) membrane
- membrane bound organelles (chloroplast,
mitochondria, nucleus)

63
Q

Describe steroids (cholesterol)

A 
NOT a monomer or polymer 
4 rings 
Animals make cholesterol 
Cholesterol is used for making other steroids 
   - Vitamin D 
   - Sex hormones 
         - testosterone 
         - estradiol (estrogen)
64
Q

How are lipoproteins formed

A

Liver makes cholesterol and receives dietary lipids that are packaged into lipoproteins to transport hydrophobic lipids in blood

65
Q

Name two types of lipoproteins

A

HDL (high density lipoprotein) and LDL (low density lipoprotein)

66
Q

Describe HDL

A

Good cholesterol

Favours elimination of cholesterol via gallbladder and intestine

67
Q

Describe LDL

A

Bad cholesterol

Increases plaque formation in artery wall and risk of cardiovascular diseases

68
Q

Which type of lipoprotein do we want to have more of

A

HDL

69
Q

What does amphipathic mean in relation to phospholipids

A

Two behaviours = hydrophilic and hydrophobic

bio 1 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions