Week 7 formative quiz questions Flashcards
The majority of cancers arise from epithelial cells
The majority of cancers arise from epithelial cells
Endostatin inhibits angiogenesis
True - Endostatin which is a component of collagen is released and blocks the MAPK pathway and ultimately inhibits gene expression.
Platelets are small blood cells that bud off from megakaryocytes.
True – platelets are formed from large megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Platelets are very small cells, and do not have a nucleus.
Poor blood supply to a tissue is called ischaemia
True - for example, poor blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardial ischaemia) causes chest pain, known as angina.
Cyclin D controls the movement of cells through the cell cycle
True - binds with CDK 4/6 and help push cells out of G0 into G1 to grow
Tumour suppressor genes are dominant in nature
False - they are recessive and require 2 alleles to have a mutation
Haemostasis occurs when bleeding continues
False – haemostasis refers to the cessation of bleeding after an injury
Fibrin is insoluble
True – While fibrinogen is soluble, fibrin is insoluble, allowing it to play its role in clot formation
The blood clotting system, when activated, results in thrombin production
True – activation of the clotting system produces thrombin, which in turn activates fibrin, which is a major component of blood clots
EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) is a process which is continually occurring in adult life
False - usually occurs in embryogenesis and in cancer
Cancer which originate from glandular cells are known as sarcomas
False -they are known as adenocarcinomas
Programmed cell death involves phagocytosis
True - this is a clean form of cell death known as apoptosis
Localised death of tissue is called infarction
True – examples include myocardial infarction following occlusion of a coronary artery (a heart attack) or cerebral infarction following occlusion of a cerebral artery (a stroke)
Tumours create an environment rich in oxygen
False - The angiogenic switch is controlled by hypoxia. Tumours activate this pathway by creating a hypoxic environment. As a result HIF1 alpha and beta are activated and trigger VEGF
High oxygen levels are called hypoxia
False- hypoxia is the word for low oxygen levels
Thrombosis and clot formation are the same process
False – thrombosis is clot formation that occurs inside a vein or artery, often occluding the vessel. This is a pathological process.
Thrombosis occurs when platelets and fibrin form a solid pale plug
True – as in physiological clot formation, thrombosis results from the formation of a plug by platelet aggregation and fibrin mesh
Vasoconstriction promotes bleeding during injury
False – vasoconstriction limits blood flow and prevents bleeding
In normal cells, telomeres allow chromosomes to increase in length with each round of DNA replication
False - Telomeres are the counting device which shorten chromosomal ends with each round of replication ensuring cell numbers are under control
Aim of chemotherapy is to force cell into apoptosis
True - chemotherapy disrupts DNA and RNA causing cell damage and ultimately death
Blood vessels typically have a lining of endothelial cells
True – epithelial cells lining a blood vessel are called endothelium
Thrombolysis is a mechanism for removing thrombus and clots
True – thrombolytic enzymes are present naturally in the blood, and this process can be replicated artificially with drugs
Matrix metalloproteins contribute to loss of cell junctions
True - cleave extracellular portion of e cadherin
Thrombosis is solidification of stagnant blood
False – thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot, or thrombus, inside a blood vessel. This can occur at a site of damaged endothelium, due to stagnant flow, or due to thrombophilia (“sticky blood”)
