Anatomy Respiratory Cramming

Question 1

What are the 3 attachments of the diaphragm?

Answer 1

• Lumber vertebrae and acute ligaments
• Costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
• Xiphoid process of the sternum

Question 2

What is the one central attachment of the diaphragm?

Answer 2

Central tendon

Question 3

What are crura?

Answer 3

The parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebrae and are tendinous in structure

Question 4

Describe the right crus

Answer 4

• Arises from L1-3

- Some fibres from the right crus surround the oespohageal opening and help prevent reflux of gastric contents

Question 5

Describe the left crus

Answer 5

• Arises from L1-2 L2 and their intervertebral disks

Question 6

How many hiatuses does the diaphragm have?

Answer 6

3 - dumbass

Question 7

What are the names of the hiatuses of the diaphragm?

Answer 7

• Caval opening
• Oesophageal hiatus
• Aortic hiatus

Question 8

What vertebral levels correspond to which hiatus within the diaphragm?

Answer 8

Caval opening - T8
Oesophageal hiatus - T10
Aortic hiatus - T12

Question 9

Where is the caval opening located?

Answer 9

Within the central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 10

Where is the oesophageal hiatus located?

Answer 10

Through the muscular sling of the right crus

Question 11

Where is the aortic hiatus located?

Answer 11

Between the left and right crus

Question 12

What is the function of the caval opening

Answer 12

Transmits the inferior vena cava and the right phranic nerve

Question 13

What is the function of the oesophageal opening?

Answer 13

Transmits the oesophagus and both vagus nerves

Question 14

What is the function of the aortic hiatus

Answer 14

Transmits:

• Aorta
• Azygous vein
• Thoracic duct
• Hemiazygos vein

Question 15

Where is the origin of the phrenic nerve?

Answer 15

C3-5

Question 16

What are the motor functions of the phrenic nerve?

Answer 16

Pierces and innervates the diaphragm and it’s inferior surface

Question 17

The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve and what?

Answer 17

Pierpheral portions of the diaphragm are also innervated by sensory fibres of intercostal nerve (T5-12)

Question 18

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the left side of the chest

Answer 18

Drains into the thoracic duct -> Left subclavian vein

Question 19

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the right side of the chest

Answer 19

Drains into the right lymphatic duct -> Subclavian vein

Question 20

What are the 3 bronchial arteries?

Answer 20

Ascending Aorta
Descending Aorta
Posterior intercostal arteries

Question 21

What are the bronchial veins?

Answer 21

Azygous and hemi-azygous system

Question 22

What are the names of the 2 pleural recesses?

Answer 22

• Costodiaphragmatic

- Costomediastinal

Question 23

What is the rib level of the lung at the mid-axillary line?

Answer 23

T8

Question 24

What is the rib level of the lung at the mid-clavicular line

Answer 24

T6

Question 25

What is the rib level of the lung as the mid-scapular line

Answer 25

T10

Question 26

What is the rib level of the parietal pleura at the mid-clavicular line?

Answer 26

T8

Question 27

What is the rib level of the parietal pleura at the midscaupular line

Answer 27

T12

Question 28

What is the rib level of the parietal pleura at the mid-axillary line

Answer 28

T10

Question 29

Oblique fissure follows the course of what rib?

Answer 29

6

Question 30

Horizontal fissure follows the course of what rib?

Answer 30

8

Question 31

Name the fissueres of the lung and where they are located

Answer 31

Oblique (both) | Horizontal (right)

Question 32

Name the lobes of the lung and where they are located

Answer 32

Superior + inferior (both) | Middle (right lung only)

Question 33

What are the 4 main lung root structures entering the lungs at the hilum?

Answer 33

Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Lobar bronchi Bronchial arteries

Question 34

Describe the typical position of the pulmonary artery entering the lungs at the hilum

Answer 34

- Left lung = most superior | - Right lung = top left + middle

Question 35

Describe the typical position of the pulmonary veins entering the lungs at the hilum

Answer 35

- Most inferior + most anterior

Question 36

Describe the typical position of the lobar bronchi entering the lungs at the hilum

Answer 36

Left: in the middle and posterior middle Right: middle + anterior - Most superior