Anatomy Respiratory Cramming Flashcards
What are the 3 attachments of the diaphragm?
- Lumber vertebrae and acute ligaments
- Costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
- Xiphoid process of the sternum
What is the one central attachment of the diaphragm?
Central tendon
What are crura?
The parts of the diaphragm that arise from the vertebrae and are tendinous in structure
Describe the right crus
- Arises from L1-3
- Some fibres from the right crus surround the oespohageal opening and help prevent reflux of gastric contents
Describe the left crus
- Arises from L1-2 L2 and their intervertebral disks
How many hiatuses does the diaphragm have?
3 - dumbass
What are the names of the hiatuses of the diaphragm?
- Caval opening
- Oesophageal hiatus
- Aortic hiatus
What vertebral levels correspond to which hiatus within the diaphragm?
Caval opening - T8
Oesophageal hiatus - T10
Aortic hiatus - T12
Where is the caval opening located?
Within the central tendon of the diaphragm
Where is the oesophageal hiatus located?
Through the muscular sling of the right crus
Where is the aortic hiatus located?
Between the left and right crus
What is the function of the caval opening
Transmits the inferior vena cava and the right phranic nerve
What is the function of the oesophageal opening?
Transmits the oesophagus and both vagus nerves
What is the function of the aortic hiatus
Transmits:
- Aorta
- Azygous vein
- Thoracic duct
- Hemiazygos vein
Where is the origin of the phrenic nerve?
C3-5
What are the motor functions of the phrenic nerve?
Pierces and innervates the diaphragm and it’s inferior surface
The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve and what?
Pierpheral portions of the diaphragm are also innervated by sensory fibres of intercostal nerve (T5-12)
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the left side of the chest
Drains into the thoracic duct -> Left subclavian vein
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the right side of the chest
Drains into the right lymphatic duct -> Subclavian vein
What are the 3 bronchial arteries?
Ascending Aorta
Descending Aorta
Posterior intercostal arteries
What are the bronchial veins?
Azygous and hemi-azygous system
What are the names of the 2 pleural recesses?
- Costodiaphragmatic
- Costomediastinal
What is the rib level of the lung at the mid-axillary line?
T8
What is the rib level of the lung at the mid-clavicular line
T6
What is the rib level of the lung as the mid-scapular line
T10
What is the rib level of the parietal pleura at the mid-clavicular line?
T8
What is the rib level of the parietal pleura at the midscaupular line
T12
What is the rib level of the parietal pleura at the mid-axillary line
T10
Oblique fissure follows the course of what rib?
6
Horizontal fissure follows the course of what rib?
8
Name the fissueres of the lung and where they are located
Oblique (both)
Horizontal (right)
Name the lobes of the lung and where they are located
Superior + inferior (both)
Middle (right lung only)
What are the 4 main lung root structures entering the lungs at the hilum?
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Lobar bronchi
Bronchial arteries
Describe the typical position of the pulmonary artery entering the lungs at the hilum
- Left lung = most superior
- Right lung = top left + middle
Describe the typical position of the pulmonary veins entering the lungs at the hilum
- Most inferior + most anterior
Describe the typical position of the lobar bronchi entering the lungs at the hilum
Left: in the middle and posterior middle
Right: middle + anterior
- Most superior
