Proteins

Question 1

What is a protein?

Answer 1

A macromolecule consisting of amino acids arranged in a particular structure that enables it to carry out a specific function in a particular context

Question 2

What are the 2 overarching types of proteins?

Answer 2

• Structural proteins

- Functional proteins

Question 3

DNA is composed of what subunit?

Answer 3

Amino acids

Question 4

Describe the structure of an amino acid

Answer 4

Contain:

• Amine group
• Carboxylic acid group
• ‘R’ group (i.e. variable side chain)

Question 5

All amino acids are ____

Answer 5

Chiral (except glycine)

Question 6

What is an aliphatic amino acid?

Answer 6

Amino acid where ‘R’ group consists of hydrocarbon chains

Question 7

What are some examples of Aliphatic amino acids?

Answer 7

• Glycine
• Alanine
• Valine
• Leucine
• Isoleucine

Question 8

What are aromatic amino acids?

Answer 8

amino acids where ‘R’ group consists of hydrocarbon RING

Question 9

What are the 3 examples of aromatic amino acids?

Answer 9

• Phenylalanine
• Tyrosine
• Tryptophan

Question 10

What are Sulpher containing amino acids?

Answer 10

Amino acids where ‘R’ group contains Sulpher

Question 11

What are the 2 Sulpher containing amino acids

Answer 11

• Cysteine

- Methionine

Question 12

What are acidic amino acids?

Answer 12

Amino acids where the ‘R’ side chain is acidic at a neutral pH

Question 13

What are the 2 acidic amino acids?

Answer 13

• Aspartate

- Glutamate

Question 14

What are basic Amino acids?

Answer 14

Amino acids where the ‘R’ side chain is basic at a neutral pH

Question 15

What are the 3 basic amino acids?

Answer 15

• Lysine
• Histidine
• Arginine

Question 16

What are polar amino acids?

Answer 16

Amino acids where there is a polar group on its ‘R’ chain

Question 17

What are the 4 polar amino acids?

Answer 17

• Serine
• Threonine
• Asparagine
• Glutamine

Question 18

What is the 1 miscellaneous amino acid

Answer 18

PROLINE

Question 19

Describe what is meant by the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 19

First level structure

- The sequence in which amino acid monomers are bonded together to form a polypeptide chain

Question 20

Describe what is meant by the secondary structure of a protein

Answer 20

the 3D spatial arrangement of amino acids located near each other in the polypeptide chain

Question 21

Describe what is meant by the tertiary structure of a protein

Answer 21

Results when functional ‘R’ groups chains of amino acids in the polypeptide chain interact with each other. Functional proteins need to be at least this length

Question 22

Describe what is meant by the quaternary structure of a protein

Answer 22

When several polypeptides interact with one another to form a quaternary structure. - essentially lots of tertiary 3 structures joining up to make one super dooper cool structure

Question 23

What happens when proteins are denatured?

Answer 23

Their structure and function is lost