Anatomy Cramming

Question 1

What is the function of arteries?

Answer 1

Distribute blood from the heart

Question 2

What is the function of capillaries

Answer 2

Exchange nutrients

Question 3

What is the function of veins?

Answer 3

Collect and return blood to the heart

Question 4

What is the function of lymphatics?

Answer 4

Drain excess extracellular fluid from tissues

Question 5

What are the 2 main circulations?

Answer 5

Pulmonary and systemic

Question 6

Describe the position of the mediastinum

Answer 6

Lies between the right and left pleura, it extends from the stenum in front of the vertebral column and contains all the thoracic organs except the lungs

Question 7

Describe what is anterior to the heart

Answer 7

Sternum and costal cartilages 4-7

Question 8

Describe what is posterior to the heart

Answer 8

Oesophagus and descending aorta

Question 9

Describe what is lateral to the heart

Answer 9

Pleurae and phrenic nerve

Question 10

Describe what lies inferiorly to the heart

Answer 10

Central tendon of diaphragm

Question 11

What makes up the right border of the heart?

Answer 11

Right atrium

Question 12

What makes up the left border of the heart?

Answer 12

Left ventricle

Question 13

Describe what makes up the superior borders of the heart

Answer 13

Atria and great vessels

Question 14

Describe what makes up the inferior border of the heart?

Answer 14

• Right Ventricle

- Left ventricle

Question 15

Describe what makes up the anterior border of the heart

Answer 15

• Right Atrium
• right ventricle
• Left venricle

Question 16

Describe what makes up the posterior border (base) of the heart

Answer 16

Left atrium

Question 17

Where is the apex of the heart located?

Answer 17

5th left intercostal space, midclavicular line

Question 18

What section of the heart makes up the apex?

Answer 18

Left ventricle

Question 19

How many layers of pericardium are there?

Answer 19

2

Question 20

What are the layers of pericardium

Answer 20

Fibrous

Serous

Question 21

Describe the fibrous pericardium

Answer 21

Dense connective tissue sac

Question 22

Describe the serous pericardium

Answer 22

Has 2 layers:
Outer parietal layers
Inner visceral layer = epicardium

Question 23

What is in-between the layers of serous pericardium

Answer 23

Fluid

Question 24

What are the major arteries of the heart?

Answer 24

• Right Coronary artery
• Right marginal artery
• Left circumflex artery
• Left anterior descending artery
• Left marginal artery

Question 25

Where does the right coronary artery arise from?

Answer 25

Right aortic sinus of ascending aorta

Question 26

Where does the left coronary artery arise from?

Answer 26

Left aortic sinus of ascending aorta

Question 27

What sculus does the RCA run in?

Answer 27

Coronary (atrioventricular) sculus

Question 28

What does the does the LCA run in?

Answer 28

Coronary sculus

Question 29

Describe what the RCA becomes?

Answer 29

- Right marginal artery | - Posterior descending artery

Question 30

Describe what the LCA becomes?

Answer 30

- Left anterior descending artery - Left Circumflex artery - Left marginal artery

Question 31

What does the left circumflex artery supply?

Answer 31

- LA | - LV

Question 32

What does the left marginal artery supply?

Answer 32

- Left ventricle

Question 33

What does the right coronary artery supply?

Answer 33

- Right atrium | - Right ventricle

Question 34

What does the right marginal artery supply?

Answer 34

- Right ventricle | - Apex

Question 35

What does the left anterior descending artery supply?

Answer 35

- RV - LV - Interventricular septum

Question 36

What veins drain the heart?

Answer 36

Great cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein Small cardiac vein

Question 37

What do cardiac veins drain into?

Answer 37

The coronary sinus (which drains into RA)

Question 38

Where do anterior cardiac veins drain into?

Answer 38

Directly into right atrium

Question 39

Describe the phrenic nerves innervation of the heart

Answer 39

- Innervates the fibrous paericardium - innervates the parietal layer of serious pericardium - Carries pain sensation

Question 40

Describe the vagus nerves innervation of the heart

Answer 40

Innervates the heart and visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 41

What are the 5 main identification features for the RV?

Answer 41

- Tricuspid valve (3 valve cusps, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles) - Moderator band - Opening for pulmonary trunk - Interventricular septum Trabecular carnea (contractile fleshy struts)

Question 42

What does the Superior vena cava bifucate from?

Answer 42

The left and right brachiocephalic veins