Anatomy Cramming Flashcards
What is the function of arteries?
Distribute blood from the heart
What is the function of capillaries
Exchange nutrients
What is the function of veins?
Collect and return blood to the heart
What is the function of lymphatics?
Drain excess extracellular fluid from tissues
What are the 2 main circulations?
Pulmonary and systemic
Describe the position of the mediastinum
Lies between the right and left pleura, it extends from the stenum in front of the vertebral column and contains all the thoracic organs except the lungs
Describe what is anterior to the heart
Sternum and costal cartilages 4-7
Describe what is posterior to the heart
Oesophagus and descending aorta
Describe what is lateral to the heart
Pleurae and phrenic nerve
Describe what lies inferiorly to the heart
Central tendon of diaphragm
What makes up the right border of the heart?
Right atrium
What makes up the left border of the heart?
Left ventricle
Describe what makes up the superior borders of the heart
Atria and great vessels
Describe what makes up the inferior border of the heart?
- Right Ventricle
- Left ventricle
Describe what makes up the anterior border of the heart
- Right Atrium
- right ventricle
- Left venricle
Describe what makes up the posterior border (base) of the heart
Left atrium
Where is the apex of the heart located?
5th left intercostal space, midclavicular line
What section of the heart makes up the apex?
Left ventricle
How many layers of pericardium are there?
2
What are the layers of pericardium
Fibrous
Serous
Describe the fibrous pericardium
Dense connective tissue sac
Describe the serous pericardium
Has 2 layers:
Outer parietal layers
Inner visceral layer = epicardium
What is in-between the layers of serous pericardium
Fluid
What are the major arteries of the heart?
- Right Coronary artery
- Right marginal artery
- Left circumflex artery
- Left anterior descending artery
- Left marginal artery
Where does the right coronary artery arise from?
Right aortic sinus of ascending aorta
Where does the left coronary artery arise from?
Left aortic sinus of ascending aorta
What sculus does the RCA run in?
Coronary (atrioventricular) sculus
What does the does the LCA run in?
Coronary sculus
Describe what the RCA becomes?
- Right marginal artery
- Posterior descending artery
Describe what the LCA becomes?
- Left anterior descending artery
- Left Circumflex artery
- Left marginal artery
What does the left circumflex artery supply?
- LA
- LV
What does the left marginal artery supply?
- Left ventricle
What does the right coronary artery supply?
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
What does the right marginal artery supply?
- Right ventricle
- Apex
What does the left anterior descending artery supply?
- RV
- LV
- Interventricular septum
What veins drain the heart?
Great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
What do cardiac veins drain into?
The coronary sinus (which drains into RA)
Where do anterior cardiac veins drain into?
Directly into right atrium
Describe the phrenic nerves innervation of the heart
- Innervates the fibrous paericardium
- innervates the parietal layer of serious pericardium
- Carries pain sensation
Describe the vagus nerves innervation of the heart
Innervates the heart and visceral layer of serous pericardium
What are the 5 main identification features for the RV?
- Tricuspid valve (3 valve cusps, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles)
- Moderator band
- Opening for pulmonary trunk
- Interventricular septum
Trabecular carnea (contractile fleshy struts)
What does the Superior vena cava bifucate from?
The left and right brachiocephalic veins
