week 7 Flashcards
Risks of Hypertension
Heart disease
Kidney disease
Blindness Stroke
goal of Diuretics
to decrease fluid volume by increasing urinary output
what are diuretics used to treat?
- Hypertension
- Prevent Renal Failure
- Edema that occurs in:
- CHF
- Cirrhosis
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Increased intraocular pressure
5 Diuretic Classes
- loop diuretics
- Thiazide Diuretics
- Osmotic Diuretics
- Potassium Sparing Diuretics
- aldosterone antagonist
- non-aldosterone antagonist
prototype of Loop High Diuretics
furosemide
most common adverse effects of Loop High Diuretics
- CV: orthostatic hypotension
- CNS: dizziness, lightheadedness, and vertigo
- GI: anorexia, nausea, and vomiting
- Genitourinary (GU): polyuria and nocturia
- Dehydration
Interactions to avoid with Loop High Diuretics
Digoxin
Lithium
antihypertensives
NSAIDS
prototype of Thiazide Diuretics
hydrochlorothiazide
who should Thiazide diuretics not be given to ?
people with a sulpha allergy or have gout
how do Non-aldosterone antagonists effect urine?
turns urin a bluish color
prototype of Osmotic Diuretics
mannitol
what do you have to do with osmotic diuretics befor administering
•Warm drug in water before administering to dissolve crystals
Adverse effects of osmotic diuretics
- Heart failure/pulmonary edema-
- Kidney failure
prototype of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Diuretics
acetazolamide
what electrolyte to monitor if a patient is on a loop diuretic?
potassium levels
what does the use of ACE inhibitor drugs lead to?
- Vasodilation
- Excretion of sodium and water; retention of potassium
what are ACE drugs used for?
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
- MI (decrease risk of heart failure)
- Diabetics
- For high risk cardiac patients
ACE medications end in…?
“Pril”
Adverse effects of ACE drugs (6)
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Cough
- Hyperkalemia
- Rash
- Angioedema
- Neutropenia (usually with
captopril)
“kissing cousin” of ACE drugs
ARBS
All ARBS drugs end in..?
“sartan”
beta blockers all end in ..?
“olol”
Antianginal Drugs
- Organic Nitrates
- Beta blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
What is Angina?
Chest pain occurring suddenly under the sternum caused by ischemia to the heart
nitroglycerin is the prototype of which drug group?
organic nitrates
what is nitroglycerin used for? (2)
- acute angina attack
- Prophylaxis of chronic stable angina or variant agina
How does nitroglycerin work to treat angina?
nitroglycerin dilates the blood vessels
increases blood flow to heart
Adverse effects of Nitroglycerin (3)
- orthostatic hypotension
- headache
- reflex tachycardia
What can further the lowering of blood pressure if taken with nitroglycerin? (3)
Viagra, Levitra, Cialis
What should be checked before the administration of nitroglycerin?
BP and Pulse
uses of potassium sparing diuretics
– Hypertension
– Edematous states
– Severe heart failure
–Hyperaldosteronism
uses for osmotic diuretics
- Acute renal failure
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Increased intraocular pressure
3 types of angina
chronic stable angina
varient angina
unstable angina
do beta blockers work for varient agina
no
drug therapies for variant angina
organic nitrates
calcium channel blockers
drugs for unstable Angina
MONABA
- morphine
- oxygen
- nitrates
- anti platelets
- beta blockers
- ACE Inhibitors
what common drug can you not take with nitrates?
viagra
- do not take anywhere within 24 hours
how can agina quickly relieve angina?
by taking it under the tongue
which 3 drug types should a patient be on to prevent MI
an antiplatelet
a statin
an ACE Inhibitor
Basic action of ARBS
Blocks the action of angiotensin II
what does the basic action of ARBS result in
- vasodilation
- Excretion of sodium and water
- Retention of potassium
Uses of ARBS
hypertension
heart failure
stroke prevention
delay progression of diabetic nephropathy
complications/adverse effects of ARBS
angioedema
fetal injury
important aldosterone antagonist drug
spironolactone
Action of aldosterone antagonists
Reduce blood volume by blocking aldosterone receptors in the
kidney thus promoting excretion of sodium and water.
what are aldosterone antagonists used for?
Hyperstension
Heart failure