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Pharmacology > week 7 > Flashcards

week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Risks of Hypertension

A

Heart disease

Kidney disease

Blindness Stroke

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2
Q

goal of Diuretics

A

to decrease fluid volume by increasing urinary output

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3
Q

what are diuretics used to treat?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Prevent Renal Failure
  • Edema that occurs in:
  • CHF
  • Cirrhosis
  • Increased intracranial pressure
  • Increased intraocular pressure
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4
Q

5 Diuretic Classes

A
  1. loop diuretics
  2. Thiazide Diuretics
  3. Osmotic Diuretics
  4. Potassium Sparing Diuretics
    1. aldosterone antagonist
    2. non-aldosterone antagonist
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5
Q

prototype of Loop High Diuretics

A

furosemide

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6
Q

most common adverse effects of Loop High Diuretics

A
  • CV: orthostatic hypotension
  • CNS: dizziness, lightheadedness, and vertigo
  • GI: anorexia, nausea, and vomiting
  • Genitourinary (GU): polyuria and nocturia
  • Dehydration
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7
Q

Interactions to avoid with Loop High Diuretics

A

Digoxin

Lithium

antihypertensives

NSAIDS

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8
Q

prototype of Thiazide Diuretics

A

hydrochlorothiazide

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9
Q

who should Thiazide diuretics not be given to ?

A

people with a sulpha allergy or have gout

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10
Q

how do Non-aldosterone antagonists effect urine?

A

turns urin a bluish color

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11
Q

prototype of Osmotic Diuretics

A

mannitol

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12
Q

what do you have to do with osmotic diuretics befor administering

A

•Warm drug in water before administering to dissolve crystals

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13
Q

Adverse effects of osmotic diuretics

A
  • Heart failure/pulmonary edema-
  • Kidney failure
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14
Q

prototype of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Diuretics

A

acetazolamide

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15
Q

what electrolyte to monitor if a patient is on a loop diuretic?

A

potassium levels

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16
Q

what does the use of ACE inhibitor drugs lead to?

A
  1. Vasodilation
  2. Excretion of sodium and water; retention of potassium
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17
Q

what are ACE drugs used for?

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Heart failure
  3. MI (decrease risk of heart failure)
  4. Diabetics
  5. For high risk cardiac patients
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18
Q

ACE medications end in…?

A

“Pril”

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19
Q

Adverse effects of ACE drugs (6)

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Cough
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Rash
  • Angioedema
  • Neutropenia (usually with

captopril)

20
Q

“kissing cousin” of ACE drugs

A

ARBS

21
Q

All ARBS drugs end in..?

A

“sartan”

22
Q

beta blockers all end in ..?

A

“olol”

23
Q

Antianginal Drugs

A
  • Organic Nitrates
  • Beta blockers
  • Calcium channel blockers
24
Q

What is Angina?

A

Chest pain occurring suddenly under the sternum caused by ischemia to the heart

25
Q

nitroglycerin is the prototype of which drug group?

A

organic nitrates

26
Q

what is nitroglycerin used for? (2)

A
  1. acute angina attack
  2. Prophylaxis of chronic stable angina or variant agina
27
Q

How does nitroglycerin work to treat angina?

A

nitroglycerin dilates the blood vessels

increases blood flow to heart

28
Q

Adverse effects of Nitroglycerin (3)

A
  1. orthostatic hypotension
  2. headache
  3. reflex tachycardia
29
Q

What can further the lowering of blood pressure if taken with nitroglycerin? (3)

A

Viagra, Levitra, Cialis

30
Q

What should be checked before the administration of nitroglycerin?

A

BP and Pulse

31
Q

uses of potassium sparing diuretics

A

– Hypertension

– Edematous states

– Severe heart failure

–Hyperaldosteronism

32
Q

uses for osmotic diuretics

A
  • Acute renal failure
  • Increased intracranial pressure
  • Increased intraocular pressure
33
Q

3 types of angina

A

chronic stable angina

varient angina

unstable angina

34
Q

do beta blockers work for varient agina

A

no

35
Q

drug therapies for variant angina

A

organic nitrates

calcium channel blockers

36
Q

drugs for unstable Angina

A

MONABA

  1. morphine
  2. oxygen
  3. nitrates
  4. anti platelets
  5. beta blockers
  6. ACE Inhibitors
37
Q

what common drug can you not take with nitrates?

A

viagra

  • do not take anywhere within 24 hours
38
Q

how can agina quickly relieve angina?

A

by taking it under the tongue

39
Q

which 3 drug types should a patient be on to prevent MI

A

an antiplatelet

a statin

an ACE Inhibitor

40
Q

Basic action of ARBS

A

Blocks the action of angiotensin II

41
Q

what does the basic action of ARBS result in

A
  1. vasodilation
  2. Excretion of sodium and water
  3. Retention of potassium
42
Q

Uses of ARBS

A

hypertension

heart failure

stroke prevention

delay progression of diabetic nephropathy

43
Q

complications/adverse effects of ARBS

A

angioedema

fetal injury

44
Q

important aldosterone antagonist drug

A

spironolactone

45
Q

Action of aldosterone antagonists

A

Reduce blood volume by blocking aldosterone receptors in the

kidney thus promoting excretion of sodium and water.

46
Q

what are aldosterone antagonists used for?

A

Hyperstension

Heart failure

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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