Diabetes meds Flashcards
What level is hyperglycemia?
glucose >126mg/dL
what level is hypoglycemia?
Blood glucose level <60 mg/dL
normal glucose levels
70-100mg/dL
what do insulins function as?
a substitute for the endogenous hormone
using insulin restores which abilities of a diabetic? (3)
- Metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
- Store glucose in the liver
- Convert glycogen to fat stores
Which types of insulin are used for emergencies only?
Regular Insulin, Lispro and other short acting insulins
how is insulin for emergencies given?
intravenously
duration for rapid acting insulin?
3-4hrs
duration for short acting insulin?
5-7hrs
duration for intermediate acting insulin?
18-24hrs
duration for long acting insulin?
24hrs
what is a sliding-scale insulin dosing?
when insulin doses are adjusted according to blood glucose test results
which are the only insulin types that may be given IV?
regular insulin and the short acting insulins
how should insulin be stored?
room temperature for current vial – up to 30 days. Refrigerate other vials
what is an important client teaching information about the administration of insulin?
Rotate site within same area to insure similar absorption and prevent complications such as lipodystrophy and atrophy
Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (5)
Sulfonylureas Biguanides Glinides (Meglitinides) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Gliptins
what drug class is tolbutamide in?
first generation sulfonylureas
what is the effect of metformin with insulin?
stops weight gain and less risk of hypoglycemia in Type 2
What is the most immediate and serious adverse effect of insulin therapy?
hypoglycemia
peak of rapid acting insulin
.5-1hr
peak of short acting insulin
2-3hrs
peak of intermediate acting insulin
4-12hrs
peak of long acting insulin
none
