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Pharmacology > week 5 > Flashcards

week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what do antipsychotic drugs not be used to treat?

A

older adults with dementia

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2
Q

when does schizophrenia typically emerge?

A

in adolescence or early adulthood

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3
Q

which symptoms of schizophrenia are treated with antipsychotics?

A

only positive symptoms

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4
Q

what type of drugs end in “azine”

A

antipsychotic drugs

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5
Q

adverse effects of the first generation antipsychotics

A 
acute dystonia
parkinsonism 
akathisia 
Anticholinergic effects 
orthostatic hypotension
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6
Q

Oldest and largest group of FGAs

A

Phenothiazines

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7
Q

why is clozapine in very limited use?

A

because of the adverse effects like agranulocytosis

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8
Q

what happens in patients with atypical depression

A

many symptoms are the opposite, they experience hypersomnia, weight gain

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9
Q

who tend to have more atypical forms of depression

A

women

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10
Q

what do depressed and suicidal clients have low levels in the CSF fluid

A

serotonin

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11
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressents most dangerous adverse effect

A

cardiac toxicity

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12
Q

antidote for Tricyclic Antidepressent overdose

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor (physostigmine)

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13
Q

what foods do you want to avoid with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

A

tyramine-rich foods

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14
Q

what is given to treat bipolar disorders

A

lithiums
Antipsychotics
Antiepileptics
Anxiolytics

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15
Q

which is stronger sedatives or hypnotics?

A

hypnotics

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16
Q

how do amphetamines work

A

they are CNS stimulants

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17
Q

Non-amphetamine-modafanil (Provigil) use

A

Narcolepsy

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18
Q

what is akathisia?

A

restlessness

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19
Q

what is acute dystonia?

A

severe muscle spasm tongue, face neck, back

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20
Q

what is acute dystonia treated with?

A

anticholinergics

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21
Q

what is Tardive dyskinesia?

A

involuntary movements of the tongue, face, such as lip smacking, which causes speech and or eating disturbances

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22
Q

what is done to prevent tardive dyskinesia?

A
  • using lowest effective dose
  • for the shortest time period
  • assessments done after 12months and a neuro eval is done every 3 months
23
Q

what is neuroleptic malignment syndrome characterized by?

A
  • sudden high temperature

- instability of ANS

24
Q

what should the nurse do if a patient developes Neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

A
  • stop medication
  • monitor VS
  • increase fluids
  • antipyretics
25
Q

what time of day should anti psychotics be given?

A

at night because of sedative effects

26
Q

how can anti psychotics effect the skin? (2)

A

they can increase sensitivity and agranulocytosis

27
Q

how can anti psychotics effect the cardiac system?

A

can cause severe dysrthythmias

28
Q

how should anti psychotics be stopped?

A

Should be tapered if stopped because can cause a mild abstinence syndrome

29
Q

what effect will combining anticholinergics with antipsychotics have?

A

Increased anticholinergic effect

30
Q

what effect will combining CNS depressants with antipsychotics have?

A

Increased depressant effect

31
Q

what is the drug interact between levodopa and antispychotics

A

May counteract the antipsychotic effects of neuroleptics

32
Q

what is the prototype of phenothiazines?

A

chlorpromazine

33
Q

what are phenothiazines used for?

A

Schizophrenia

Intractable hiccups

34
Q

prototype of 2nd and 3rd generation of antipsychotics

A

Clozapine

35
Q

why is Clozapine (2nd +3rd gen antipsychotics in limited use?

A

Limited use because of agranulocytosis

36
Q

what needs to be monitored for patients on phenothiazines? (6)

A

BP (standing and at rest)
Pulse rates
Weight
Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Ocular examination
“boring philosophers watched clever ethical outlaws”

37
Q

what should be obtained for patients on 2-3 gen of anti psychotics?

A 
Baseline vital signs 
Weight
Serum glucose
Triglyceride levels
CBC
38
Q

risks for olanzepine?

A
  • low risk of EPS

- high risk for DM weight gain and dyslipidemia

39
Q

risks for Quetiapine?

A

low risk of EPS but same high risk as olanzapine with the addition of cataracts, sedation and anticholinergic effects. Eye screenings every 6 months

40
Q

the advantages of the second/third antipsychotics?

A

Fewer EPS
Fewer anticholinergic effects
Relief of positive and negative symptoms of disease

41
Q

complications of second-third generation antipsychotics

A 
DM 
Weight gain  
Hypercholesteremia
Orthostatic hypotension  
Anticholinergic effects 
Dizziness/sedation
Mild EPS
Elevated prolactin levels
Sexual dysfunction
42
Q

how can nurses ensure that patients adhere to taking their medications

A 
checking the cheeks
social support systems
injecting the medication
educate
written and verbal instructions
43
Q

symptoms of depression

A 
Mood alteration
Lack of pleasure
Apathy
Anorexia
Insomnia
44
Q

how long do symptoms need to be present for it to be considered depression?

A

Needs to be present for most of day for every day for at least two weeks

45
Q

gender specific differences of depression in women

A

Atypical symptoms
Seasonal effect
Coexisting anxiety and eating disorders
Suicide tries

46
Q

gender specific differences of depression in men

A

Coexisting alcoholism
Coexisting substance abuse
Completed suicide

47
Q

what levels of NE are found in depressed individuals?

A

Low NE metabolites found in urine and CSF of depressed individuals

48
Q

types of drugs to treat depression

A

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serontonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Atypical antidepressants

49
Q

what is a way of treating severe depression without the use of drugs

A

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-

50
Q

conditions other than depresssion that are treated with TCAS, SSRIS and Atypicals

A 
OCD
Panic Disorder
Eating Disorders
Social Anxiety
GAS
PMS
PMDD 
ADD
51
Q

what is the action of Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

Blocks the reuptake of NE and serotonin, allowing more effect to occur from these transmitters

52
Q

what do tricyclic antidepressents end in?

A
  • tyline
53
Q

what screenings do you need every 6 months with olanzapine

A

eye screening

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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