Week 3 Drugs Affecting the Immune System Flashcards
3 types of immunity
Natural
Specific acquired
Passive
what is passive immunity
antibodies that are produced in a body other than your own. Like passed from mother to fetus.
what is specific acquired immunity?
develops with exposure to various antigens
what do B lymphocytes do?
make antibodies
why are viruses difficult to kill?
because they live inside the cells and any drug that kills a virus may also kill cells
how do antiviral drugs kill or suppress the virus?
by destroying virions or inhibiting ability to replicate viruses controlled by current antiviral therapy
what are opportunistic infections?
viruses occurring in immunocompromised patients
Antiretroviral drugs
Used to treat infections caused by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS
incubation period for herpes
11 days
signs and symptoms of viruses
Cough Fever/chills fatigue Inflammation of the nasal mucosa Inflammation of the mucosa of the respiratory track
Stage 1 of HIV Infection
asymptomatic infection
Stage 2 of HIV Infection
early, general symptoms of disease
Stage 3 of HIV Infection
moderate symptoms
Stage 4 of HIV Infection
severe symptoms, often leading to death
Adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs
Headache, nausea, vomiting, rash, chills, fever, diarrhea
which drug can be given to HIV positive pregnant women?
retrovir
most common antiretroviral drug combination
dolutegravir and Truvada (Truvada is emtricitabine and tenofovir
Hepatitis B
Serious potential fatal viral infection of the liver.
how is Hepatitis B spread
Spread by blood, sexual contact or needles/instruments
what suffixes are used for antiviral drugs
- vir
- dine
elements of the immune system
Certain types of WBC
Proteins in blood
Interferon
Lymphocytes (B & T)
what do B lymphocytes do?
Become cells that produce antibodies
what do T lymphocytes do?
Attack antigens directly and help control the immune response
why are immunosuppressants used?
To suppress immune response to prevent organ rejection after transplants (Lifelong)
To treat autoimmune diseases
Drug of choice for organ rejection (kidney, liver, and heart)
cyclosporine
how to cytotoxic drugs supress the immune system?
by killed B and T’s
uses of antihistamines
Allergies - mild
Motion sickness
Insomnia
Common cold may decrease rinorrhea through anticholinergic action
difference between nsaids and aceteminophen?
acetaminophen is not an antinflamatory
what are the uses of NSAIDS
Suppress inflammation
Relieve pain
Reduce fever
Adverse effects of NSAIDS
GI issues
Renal effects
who can not have asprin
children
pregnant women
Antidote for acetaminophen overdose
aceylcysteine
adverse effects of gold salts
stomatitis, gingivitis, colitis, bone marrow depression
what does Allopurinol treat?
chronic gout
3 drugs used for Fibromyalgia
- pregabalin
- duloxetine
- milnacipran
what is Chloroquine used from
prevention of malaria
adverse effects of antimalarial
Headache Dizziness Fever Chills Malaise Nausea Vomiting Hepatic Dysfunction
malarone
combination of 2 drugs prevent malaria
National Childhood Vaccine Act 1986 requires what?
permanent record:
Date of vaccination
Route and site
Vaccine type, mfg, lot number and expiration date
name and title of person administering vaccine
how is Hep A spread
from fecal - oral
what allergy would you not give the flu shot to ?
egg allergy
tumor staging and grading
TNM
T: extent of primary tumor
N: lymph node involvement
M: extent of metastasis
what drugs are used for breast cancer
hormonal anticancer drugs
which generation of antihistamines are sedating?
first generation
only non sedating second generation antihistamine
loratadine
The prototype drug for the NSAIDs
aspirin
Adverse effects of acetaminophen
hepatotoxicity
hepatic necrosis
