week 4 Flashcards
what do local anesthetics do?
Block pain impulse conduction along axons by blocking sodium channels
Block both sensory and motor function
how can local anesthetics be administered?
topically or by injection
types of local anesthetic injections
Infiltration Nerve block Intravenous regional Epidural Spinal
adverse effect of local anesthetics
CNS
Cardiovascular
Allergic reaction
Labor and delivery impairment
local anesthetics end in…?
-“caine”
lidocaine is a local anesthetic that is also use for what when given through IV?
to treat acute ventricular arrythmias
purpose of general anesthesia
to produce unconsciousness and lack of sensation to painful stimuli
how is general anesthesia usually achieved?
through balanced anesthesia (use of several varied drugs)
adverse effects of general anesthesia
Respiratory depression and Sensitivity to catecholamines - cardiac adverse effects Aspiration of stomach contents Hepatotoxicity Effects on OR Personnel Malignant Hyperthermia
Preanesthetic meds purpose
to reduce anxiety, produce perioperative amnesia, and relieve preoperative and postoperative pain
know preanesthetic meds
Benzodiazepines
Opioids
Clonidine, an alphaadrenergic agonist
Anticholinergic drugs
post anesthesia meds
Analgesics
Antiemetics
Muscarinic agonists (bethanechol)
what type of pain will opioids not work with?
neuropathic pain
antidote for narcotics
naloxone (narcan)
strong analgesics
Heroin
Meperidine
Methadone
Fentanyl
moderate pain analgesics
Codeine
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
- they all have “cod”
Prototype of strong opioid analgesics
Morphine
adverse effects of morphine
*Respiratory depression
Constipation
Orthostatic hypotension
side of effect of opioid that may identify a seeker
itching
syndrome that occurs if a drug is abruptly stopped
Abstinence syndrome
Two of the Nonopioid Centrally Acting Analgesics
Clonidine
Tramadol
types of headaches
With aura (classic) Without aura (common)
drugs used to treat acute headaches
Aspirin and other NSAIDS Acetaminophen
Ketorolac
all tripan drugs end in…?
“tans” - check
preffered drug for prophylactic headache treatment
propranolol
drug of choice from 2nd and 3rd generation antipsychotics
Risperidone
