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Learning > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

______________: Non-reinforcement of a previously reinforced response, resulting in a decrease in response strength

A

Extinction

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2
Q

It a conditioned response completely ceases, it has been ____________

A

extinguished

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3
Q

Extinction __________ refers to the non-reinforcement of a response

A

procedure

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4
Q

Extinction _________ refers to the decreased response strength

A

process

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5
Q

Extinction _______: Temporary increase in frequency and intensity of responding when implemented (resistance)

A

Extinction Burst

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6
Q 
Side effects of extinction: 
1 Extinction \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
2 Increase to V\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
3 E\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ behaviour 
4 Agg\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
5 Resurgence 
6 Depression
A

burst; variability; emotional; aggression

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7
Q

_____________: unusual but like regression - reappearance of previously successful behaviour

A

Resurgence

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8
Q

History of reinforcement: More reinforcers = (Harder/Easier) to extinguish

A

Harder

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9
Q

___________ _________: reappearance of extinguished response after a rest period

A

Spontaneous recovery

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10
Q

After several _________ sessions, spontaneous recovery might fade completely

A

extinction

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11
Q

____________ reinforcement of other behaviour: Simultaniously extinguish behaviour while reinforcement

A

Differential reinforcement of other behaviour

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12
Q

______________ stimulus signals availability of reinforcement to increase probability of response

A

Discriminative stimulus

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13
Q

S______ C_________ : describes the relationship though which a discriminant stimulus reliably affects the probability of the behaviour

A

Stimulus Control

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14
Q

_________ schedules of reinforcement consist of two or more independent schedules of reinforcement

A

Multiple

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15
Q

B_________ C_________: Change in rate of reinforcement on one part of multiple schedule results in an opposite change in rate of response in another part

A

Behavioural Contrast

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16
Q

In a __________ Con_______ effect: the decrease in rate of reinforcement on one leads to increase in rate of response on other component

A

Positive Contrast effect

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17
Q

In a ___________ Con________ effect: the increase in rate of reinforcement on one component leads to decrease in rate of response on other component

A

Negative Contrast effect

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18
Q

A___________ C__________: change in rate of responding in anticipation that there will be a change in the rate of reinforcement

A

Anticipatory Contrast

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19
Q

________ Learning: learning of a response that allows a subject to escape an aversive stimulus

A

Escape learning

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20
Q

__________ learning: Learning of a response that allows a subject to avoid an aversive stimulus

A

Avoidance learning

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21
Q

The Two Process Theory of Avoidance involves both ___________ and _________ conditioning

A

Classical; Operant

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22
Q

______ _____: The loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period of time following a problem behaviour

A

Time Out

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23
Q

_________ _____: The removal of a specific reinforcer following a problem behaviour

A

Response cost

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24
Q

Negative punishment is different from E_______

A

extinction

25
Q

_________ punishment: Punishment is an inherent aspect of behaviour

A

Intrinsic punishment

26
Q

_________ punishment: punishment is not an inherent part of the behaviour, but just follows the behaviour

A

Extrinsic punishment

27
Q

____________ (unconditioned) punishment: innately punishing

A

Primary punishment

28
Q

__________ (conditioned) punishment: something that has been associated with another perhaps innate punishment

29
Q

_________ punishers: something that has been associated with a number of other punishers

A

Generalised

30
Q

Punishment of maladaptive behaviour doesn’t directly strengthen the occurrence of another ________ behaviour

31
Q

The person delivering the punishment could become a _______ _________ for the punishment

A

discriminative stimulus

32
Q

___________ is likely to elicit a strong emotional response and/or aggressive reaction

A

Punishment

33
Q

The use of punishment, through the process of __________ could teach the person that punishment is an acceptable means of controlling behaviour

34
Q

Punishment can sometimes lead to an increase in _______ behaviour

35
Q

Punishment can increase attention to the e__________

A

environment

36
Q

Punishment can sometimes result in an improvement in m_____

37
Q

Punishment should be:
1 Im_______
2 Con________
3 Int______
4 Negative punishment is preferable to ________ punishment
5 Combined with an Expla_______
6 Combined with positive reinforcement for appropriate behaviours

A

Immediate; Consistent; Intense; Positive punishment; Explanation

38
Q

____________ ___________ theory (of punishment): Punishment does not weaken a behaviour but instead produces an emotional response that interferes with the occurrence of the behaviour

A

Conditioned Suppression theory

39
Q

_________ theory of punishment: punishment involves a type of avoidance conditioning

A

Avoidance theory of punishment

40
Q

The ________ approach to punishment: A probability behaviour can be used to punish a high probability behaviour

A

The Premack Approach to punishment

41
Q

_________ H__________: is a decrement in learning ability that results from repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events

A

Learned Helplessness

42
Q

The __________ of extinction is the nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response; the _______ of extinction is the resultant decrease in response strength

A

procedure; process

43
Q

Determining the effective _________ that is maintaining a behaviour is a critical first step in extinguishing a behaviour

A

reinforcer

44
Q

Resurgence resembles the psychoanalytic concept of ___________

A

regression

45
Q

________ to ___________: is the extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented

A

Resistance to extinction

46
Q

The ___________ of ____________ is the most important factor influencing resistance to extinction

A

schedule of reinforcement

47
Q

Will continuous of partial reinforcement schedules extinguish more slowly?

A

partial reinforcement schedules

48
Q

The greater the level of deprivation the greater the _________ to extinction

A

resistance

49
Q

Extinction is greatly facilitated when there is a __________ ___________ that signals the onset of extinction

A

discriminative stimulus

50
Q

Skinner proposed that __________ ___________ is a function of discriminative stimuli that is associated with the start of a session

A

spontaneous recovery

51
Q

_____________ training: the reinforcement of responding in the presence of one stimulus (the Sd) and not another

A

discriminative training

52
Q

Discriminations that have been established through errorless training are more difficult to _______ at a later time

53
Q

Does the two theory process of avoidance assert either classical or operant conditioning?

A

both; first CC then OP

54
Q

_________ learning appears to be a fundamental process in the development and maintenance of phobic behaviour

A

Avoidance learning

55
Q

The p_______ of extinction is the non reinforcement of a previously reinforced response; the p_______ or extinction is the resultant decrease in response strength

A

procedure; process

56
Q

In extinction resistance, the greater the level of deprivation, the greater the ___________ to extinction

A

resistance

57
Q

____-______ model of self-control: focused on preference between smaller sooner reward and larger later rewards and shifts over time

A

Ainslie-Rachlin Model

58
Q

______-_______ model: the value of rewards is upwardly angled (scalloped) such that reward value increases more rapidly as delays decrease and reward becomes imminent

A

Ainslie-Rachlin Model

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