Week 4 Flashcards
_________-__________ theory: the CS acts as a substitute for the US
Stimulus-substitution theory
__________-__________ theory: the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organising for the presentation of the US
Preparatory - response theory
R_________ - W________ theory: UCS can only support a certain amount of conditioning; leading to stronger stimuli support more conditioning that weaker stimuli
Rescorla - Wagner theory
________: apprehension about an anticipated issue
anxiety
_____ (panic) : apprehensive response to immediate threat or danger
Fear
Dual process theory: Both ________ conditioning and _________ conditioning principles play a role in the onset and maintenance of anxiety disorders
classical; operant
A __________ is a disproportionate fear of a stimulus that interferes with normal functioning
phobia
Do all phobias need numerous pairings?
Not always
___________: when a classically conditioned fear does not extinguish in a way expected (normally through avoidance of the stimulus)
Incubation
Selective ____________: increase in reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus following exposure to an unrelated stressful event
sensitisation
_________ behaviour is a form of operant conditioning in which performing a repose terminates an aversive stimulus
Escape behaviour
___________ behaviour is a form of operant condoning in which the response prevents the delivery of an aversive stimulus
Avoidance behaviour
________-_________ model of conditioning: the neutral stimulus (NS) becomes directly associated wiht the unconditioned stimulus (US) and therefore comes to elicit the same response as the US
Stimulus - response model
According to he ______-_____ model of conditioning, the NS is directly associated with the unconditioned response
stimulus - response model
According to the _________-__________ model of conditioning, the NS is directly associated with the unconditioned stimulus
stimulus - stimulus response
In stimulus - ___________ theory, the CS acts as a substitute for the US
stimulus substitution theory
The ___________- response theory allows for situations in which the CR and UR are different
preparatory - response theory
___________ - ___________ model: a CS that has been repeatedly associated with the primary response (a - process) to a US will eventually come to elicit a compensatory response (b - process)
Compensatory - response model
The _________-_________ theory proposes that a given US can support only so much conditioning and this amount of conditioning must be distributed among the various CSs that are present
Rescorla - Wagner Theory
Stronger USs support more condoning than do weaker UCs is a assumption of _________ - W_________ theory
rescorla - wagner theory
____________ effect: the decrease in the CR that occurs when two separately conditioned CSs are combined into a compound stimulus for further pairings with the UCs
over expectation effect
Many phobias are acquired when _________ fearful reactions from others
observing
Temperament seems to affect how easily a __________ response can be acquired
conditioned
____________: refers to a genetically based predisposition within a species to learn certain kinds of associations more easily than others
preparedness
____________ refers to the strengthening of a conditioned fear response as a result of brief exposures to the aversive CS
Incubation
__________________: a CS elicits one type of response is associated with an event that elicits an incompatible response
Counterconditioning
What is the underlying process in counterconditioning?
Reciprocal Inhibition
_________ _________: certain responses are incompatible with each other, and the occurrence of one response necessarily inhibits the other.
Reciprocal Inhibition
Wolphe’s Heircarcy
1 Training in ____________
2 Creation of a _______ of imaginary scenes that elicit progressively intense level of fear
3: Pairing each level with relaxation
relaxation; hierarchy
_____________ _______________: is a behavioural treatment for phobias that involves pairing relaxation with a succession of stimuli that elicit increasing levels of fear
systematic desensitisation
__________ therapy: a behavioural treatment that involves prolonged exposure to a feared stimulus, thereby providing maximal opportunity for the conditioned fear response to be extinguished
Flooding
___________ is based on the principles of extinction rather than counterconditioning
flooding
________ therapy: a treatment procedure that reduces the attractiveness of a desired event by associating it with an aversive stimulus
Aversion therapy
_________-__________ theory: the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US
Preparatory-response theory
O_____________ effect: the decrease in the conditioned response that occurs when two separately conditioned CSs are combined into a compound stimulus for further pairings with the US
Overexpectation effect
R___________ I___________: certain responses are incompatible with each other, and the occurrence of one response necessarily inhibits the other
Reciprocal Inhibition
Phobies result from the process of O____________
overgeneralisation
