Week 4

Question 1

_________-__________ theory: the CS acts as a substitute for the US

Answer 1

Stimulus-substitution theory

Question 2

__________-__________ theory: the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organising for the presentation of the US

Answer 2

Preparatory - response theory

Question 3

R_________ - W________ theory: UCS can only support a certain amount of conditioning; leading to stronger stimuli support more conditioning that weaker stimuli

Answer 3

Rescorla - Wagner theory

Question 4

________: apprehension about an anticipated issue

Answer 4

anxiety

Question 5

_____ (panic) : apprehensive response to immediate threat or danger

Answer 5

Fear

Question 6

Dual process theory: Both ________ conditioning and _________ conditioning principles play a role in the onset and maintenance of anxiety disorders

Answer 6

classical; operant

Question 7

A __________ is a disproportionate fear of a stimulus that interferes with normal functioning

Answer 7

phobia

Question 8

Do all phobias need numerous pairings?

Answer 8

Not always

Question 9

___________: when a classically conditioned fear does not extinguish in a way expected (normally through avoidance of the stimulus)

Answer 9

Incubation

Question 10

Selective ____________: increase in reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus following exposure to an unrelated stressful event

Answer 10

sensitisation

Question 11

_________ behaviour is a form of operant conditioning in which performing a repose terminates an aversive stimulus

Answer 11

Escape behaviour

Question 12

___________ behaviour is a form of operant condoning in which the response prevents the delivery of an aversive stimulus

Answer 12

Avoidance behaviour

Question 13

________-_________ model of conditioning: the neutral stimulus (NS) becomes directly associated wiht the unconditioned stimulus (US) and therefore comes to elicit the same response as the US

Answer 13

Stimulus - response model

Question 14

According to he ______-_____ model of conditioning, the NS is directly associated with the unconditioned response

Answer 14

stimulus - response model

Question 15

According to the _________-__________ model of conditioning, the NS is directly associated with the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 15

stimulus - stimulus response

Question 16

In stimulus - ___________ theory, the CS acts as a substitute for the US

Answer 16

stimulus substitution theory

Question 17

The ___________- response theory allows for situations in which the CR and UR are different

Answer 17

preparatory - response theory

Question 18

___________ - ___________ model: a CS that has been repeatedly associated with the primary response (a - process) to a US will eventually come to elicit a compensatory response (b - process)

Answer 18

Compensatory - response model

Question 19

The _________-_________ theory proposes that a given US can support only so much conditioning and this amount of conditioning must be distributed among the various CSs that are present

Answer 19

Rescorla - Wagner Theory

Question 20

Stronger USs support more condoning than do weaker UCs is a assumption of _________ - W_________ theory

Answer 20

rescorla - wagner theory

Question 21

____________ effect: the decrease in the CR that occurs when two separately conditioned CSs are combined into a compound stimulus for further pairings with the UCs

Answer 21

over expectation effect

Question 22

Many phobias are acquired when _________ fearful reactions from others

Answer 22

observing

Question 23

Temperament seems to affect how easily a __________ response can be acquired

Answer 23

conditioned

Question 24

____________: refers to a genetically based predisposition within a species to learn certain kinds of associations more easily than others

Answer 24

preparedness

Question 25

____________ refers to the strengthening of a conditioned fear response as a result of brief exposures to the aversive CS

Answer 25

Incubation

Question 26

__________________: a CS elicits one type of response is associated with an event that elicits an incompatible response

Answer 26

Counterconditioning

Question 27

What is the underlying process in counterconditioning?

Answer 27

Reciprocal Inhibition

Question 28

_________ _________: certain responses are incompatible with each other, and the occurrence of one response necessarily inhibits the other.

Answer 28

Reciprocal Inhibition

Question 29

Wolphe’s Heircarcy
1 Training in ____________
2 Creation of a _______ of imaginary scenes that elicit progressively intense level of fear
3: Pairing each level with relaxation

Answer 29

relaxation; hierarchy

Question 30

_____________ _______________: is a behavioural treatment for phobias that involves pairing relaxation with a succession of stimuli that elicit increasing levels of fear

Answer 30

systematic desensitisation

Question 31

__________ therapy: a behavioural treatment that involves prolonged exposure to a feared stimulus, thereby providing maximal opportunity for the conditioned fear response to be extinguished

Answer 31

Flooding

Question 32

___________ is based on the principles of extinction rather than counterconditioning

Answer 32

flooding

Question 33

________ therapy: a treatment procedure that reduces the attractiveness of a desired event by associating it with an aversive stimulus

Answer 33

Aversion therapy

Question 34

_________-__________ theory: the purpose of the CR is to prepare the organism for the presentation of the US

Answer 34

Preparatory-response theory

Question 35

O_____________ effect: the decrease in the conditioned response that occurs when two separately conditioned CSs are combined into a compound stimulus for further pairings with the US

Answer 35

Overexpectation effect

Question 36

R___________ I___________: certain responses are incompatible with each other, and the occurrence of one response necessarily inhibits the other

Answer 36

Reciprocal Inhibition

Question 37

Phobies result from the process of O____________

Answer 37

overgeneralisation