Week 11 Biological Dispositions in Learning Flashcards

1
Q

_____________: An innate biological tendency to learn certain types of associations more easily

A

Preparedness

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2
Q

______ conditioning: an inherited predisposition to fear some stimuli more than others (a snake more than a rock)

A

Fear conditioning

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3
Q

_______ _________ conditioning: a form of classical conditioning in which a food item that has been paired with gastrointestinal illness becomes a conditioned aversive stimuli

A

taste aversion conditioning

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4
Q

Preparedness features consistent with other types of classical conditioning:

  • Gen_________
  • Ex__________
  • Ov_________
A

Generalisation; Extinction; Overshadowing

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5
Q

P__________ can explain why phobias are so easily acquired

A

preparedness

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6
Q

In taste aversion, S_________ G____________ can occur when food items that taste similar to the aversive item are also perceived as aversive

A

Stimulus Generalisation

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7
Q

_____-_______ conditioning of taste aversions is higher adaptive so there is no repeat to poisonous substances

A

One-trial conditioning

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8
Q

CS-US __________: an innate tendency to more readily associate certain types of stimuli with each other

A

CS-US relevance

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9
Q

(Men/Women) are more prone to developing taste aversions

A

Women

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10
Q

What is the evidence for biological constraints in operant conditioning?

A

Avoidance behaviours

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11
Q

__________ responses are not operants but rather elicited behaviours

A

Avoidance responses

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12
Q

Aversive stimuli elicit SSDRs. what are they?

A

Species-specific defence reactions

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13
Q

A rats natural reaction to fear is to _________

A

freeze

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14
Q

I_______ D______: When a classically conditioned behaviour pattern interferes with an operant behaviour that was being reinforced

A

Instinctive Drift

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15
Q

S___ T_________: an organism approaches a stimulus that signals the presentation of an appetitive event

A

Sign Tracking

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16
Q

____ _________: an organism approaches a stimulus that signals the presentation of an appetitive event

A

Sign Tracking

17
Q

______________: a type of sign tracking in which a pigeon comes to automatically peck at a key because the key light has been associated with the response-independent delivery of food

A

Autoshaping

18
Q

__________ ____________: an excessive pattern of behaviour that emerges as a by-product of an intermittent schedule of reinforcement for some other behaviours

A

Adjunctive Behaviour

19
Q

Adjunctive Behaviours occur ____________

A

immediately

20
Q

Adjunctive Behaviours are affected by de_________

A

deprivation

21
Q

Greater deprivation = stronger a_________ b_________

A

adjunctive behaviour

22
Q

Can adjunctive behaviours function as reinforcers or punishment?

A

reinforcers

23
Q

_________ __________ might be to reduce boredom while waiting for a reinforcer

A

Reduce boredom

24
Q

Adjunctive behaviours represent a type of ___________ activity

A

displacement activity

25
Q

__________ _______ : an apparently irrelevant activity sometimes displayed by animals when confronted by conflict or throated from attaining a goal

A

Displacement activity

26
Q

_________ _________ can be seen as a natural tendency to do something else while waiting for a reinforcer

A

Adjunctive behaviour

27
Q

Activity _________ : a pattern of excessive activity and low food intake resulting from a restricted food supply

A

Activity Anorexia

28
Q

When access to ______ is restricted, rats spend increasing amounts of time running during the interval meal periods (activity anorexia)

A

food

29
Q

In ______ ________ the more they run, the less they eat

A

activity anorexia

30
Q

Activity anorexia involves both H________ and N____________

A

hormones; neurotransmitters

31
Q

Some research suggests that both activity anorexia in rats and humans might be maintained by what is essentially an addiction to an __________ high

A

endorphine high

32
Q

_________ _________ theory: an animals behaviour is organised into certain systems or categories, with each system containing a set of responses that can become activated in certain situations

A

Behaviour Systems Theory

33
Q

Each Behaviour system (in the theory) incorporates a number of _________ sets (fixed action patterns)

A

response sets