Week 11 Biological Dispositions in Learning

Question 1

_____________: An innate biological tendency to learn certain types of associations more easily

Answer 1

Preparedness

Question 2

______ conditioning: an inherited predisposition to fear some stimuli more than others (a snake more than a rock)

Answer 2

Fear conditioning

Question 3

_______ _________ conditioning: a form of classical conditioning in which a food item that has been paired with gastrointestinal illness becomes a conditioned aversive stimuli

Answer 3

taste aversion conditioning

Question 4

Preparedness features consistent with other types of classical conditioning:

• Gen_________
• Ex__________
• Ov_________

Answer 4

Generalisation; Extinction; Overshadowing

Question 5

P__________ can explain why phobias are so easily acquired

Answer 5

preparedness

Question 6

In taste aversion, S_________ G____________ can occur when food items that taste similar to the aversive item are also perceived as aversive

Answer 6

Stimulus Generalisation

Question 7

_____-_______ conditioning of taste aversions is higher adaptive so there is no repeat to poisonous substances

Answer 7

One-trial conditioning

Question 8

CS-US __________: an innate tendency to more readily associate certain types of stimuli with each other

Answer 8

CS-US relevance

Question 9

(Men/Women) are more prone to developing taste aversions

Answer 9

Women

Question 10

What is the evidence for biological constraints in operant conditioning?

Answer 10

Avoidance behaviours

Question 11

__________ responses are not operants but rather elicited behaviours

Answer 11

Avoidance responses

Question 12

Aversive stimuli elicit SSDRs. what are they?

Answer 12

Species-specific defence reactions

Question 13

A rats natural reaction to fear is to _________

Answer 13

freeze

Question 14

I_______ D______: When a classically conditioned behaviour pattern interferes with an operant behaviour that was being reinforced

Answer 14

Instinctive Drift

Question 15

S___ T_________: an organism approaches a stimulus that signals the presentation of an appetitive event

Answer 15

Sign Tracking

Question 16

____ _________: an organism approaches a stimulus that signals the presentation of an appetitive event

Answer 16

Sign Tracking

Question 17

______________: a type of sign tracking in which a pigeon comes to automatically peck at a key because the key light has been associated with the response-independent delivery of food

Answer 17

Autoshaping

Question 18

__________ ____________: an excessive pattern of behaviour that emerges as a by-product of an intermittent schedule of reinforcement for some other behaviours

Answer 18

Adjunctive Behaviour

Question 19

Adjunctive Behaviours occur ____________

Answer 19

immediately

Question 20

Adjunctive Behaviours are affected by de_________

Answer 20

deprivation

Question 21

Greater deprivation = stronger a_________ b_________

Answer 21

adjunctive behaviour

Question 22

Can adjunctive behaviours function as reinforcers or punishment?

Answer 22

reinforcers

Question 23

_________ __________ might be to reduce boredom while waiting for a reinforcer

Answer 23

Reduce boredom

Question 24

Adjunctive behaviours represent a type of ___________ activity

Answer 24

displacement activity

Question 25

__________ _______ : an apparently irrelevant activity sometimes displayed by animals when confronted by conflict or throated from attaining a goal

Answer 25

Displacement activity

Question 26

_________ _________ can be seen as a natural tendency to do something else while waiting for a reinforcer

Answer 26

Adjunctive behaviour

Question 27

Activity _________ : a pattern of excessive activity and low food intake resulting from a restricted food supply

Answer 27

Activity Anorexia

Question 28

When access to ______ is restricted, rats spend increasing amounts of time running during the interval meal periods (activity anorexia)

Answer 28

food

Question 29

In ______ ________ the more they run, the less they eat

Answer 29

activity anorexia

Question 30

Activity anorexia involves both H________ and N____________

Answer 30

hormones; neurotransmitters

Question 31

Some research suggests that both activity anorexia in rats and humans might be maintained by what is essentially an addiction to an __________ high

Answer 31

endorphine high

Question 32

_________ _________ theory: an animals behaviour is organised into certain systems or categories, with each system containing a set of responses that can become activated in certain situations

Answer 32

Behaviour Systems Theory

Question 33

Each Behaviour system (in the theory) incorporates a number of _________ sets (fixed action patterns)

Answer 33

response sets