Practice exam Flashcards
- If a certain diet affects the extent to which one is likely to acquire a certain disease, then there is a(n) _____ relationship between the diet and the disease.
a) operational
b) mechanistic
c) functional
d) independent
c) functional
- Bev was quite successful with her diet, while Wilf was terribly unsuccessful. One explanation for this difference is that Wilf has a(n) _____ delay function for the positive effects of dieting as compared to Bev.
a) more linear
b) less deeply scalloped
c) S-shaped
d) more deeply scalloped
d) more deeply scalloped
- On a cumulative record, a _____ indicates a _____ of response.
a) flat line; high rate
b) steep line; lack of
c) shallow line; low rate
d) both b and c.
c) shallow line; low rate
- When we quickly withdraw our hand from a sharp object we do so because of messages that are:
a) sent through the cerebellum and then routed through the amygdala.
b) routed directly through the spinal cord (with no involvement of the brain).
c) sent through the hippocampus and then routed through the thalamus.
d) sent through the amygdala and then routed through the thalamus.
b) routed directly through the spinal cord (with no involvement of the brain).
- Wesley finds that the creaking sound of chalk on a blackboard sends shivers up his spine. Moreover, the longer the sound persists, the more aversive it becomes. This is best described as an example of
a) dishabituation.
b) disinhibition.
c) habituation.
d) sensitization.
d) sensitization.
- When I see bullies, my feeling of fear is strongest almost immediately after seeing them. This is because:
a) the b-process is strongest at the outset.
b) the a-process is not yet strong enough to moderate the b-process.
c) the b-process is not yet strong enough to moderate the a-process.
d) the effects of the a- and b-process are at that point additive.
c) the b-process is not yet strong enough to moderate the a-process.
- The suppression ratio consists of the number of _____ divided by the number of _____.
a) CS responses; US responses
b) CS responses; pre-CS responses
c) Pre-CS responses; CS responses plus pre-CS responses
d) CS responses; CS responses plus pre-CS responses
suppression ratio consists of the number of _____ divided by the number of _____.
d) CS responses; CS responses plus pre-CS responses
suppression ratio consists of the number of _____ divided by the number of _____.
- The red belly of the male Stickleback fish is a _____ stimulus for an aggressive display by another male.
a) sign
b) reflex
c) conditioned
d) modal
a) sign
- Vollmer and Bourret’s (2000) discovery that the proportion of two- versus three-point shots attempted by basketball players matches the proportion of points obtained from such shots suggests that shot-making in basketball is to some extent reinforced on a _____ schedule.
a) VR
b) VI
c) VT
d) DRH
b) VI
- Debbie suffers from insomnia whenever she drinks coffee during the evening. Another way of saying this is that her insomnia is _____ upon coffee drinking.
a) spatially contiguous
b) contingent
c) covariable
d) functionally contiguous
b) contingent
- Two year-old Sarah likes to snuggle up to the pillow that her mother uses. This seems most similar to the phenomenon of
a) adjunctive behavior.
b) instinctive drift.
c) sign-tracking.
d) autoshaping.
c) sign-tracking.
12. While drinking with his friends, Gunther tends to pick at the label on his beer bottle. This is best described as an example of a) resurgence. b) sign-tracking. c) adjunctive behavior. d) spontaneous recovery.
c) adjunctive behavior.
- The term ____ refers to the reappearance of a CR following a rest period after extinction.
a) spontaneous reacquisition
b) reacquisition
c) spontaneous recovery
d) disinhibition
c) spontaneous recovery
- While sitting in a room that had a very bad smell, Marcie read a story about snakes. Afterwards, in a different room, Marcie wrinkled her nose when she saw the word cobra. This is an example of
a) stimulus discrimination.
b) semantic generalization.
c) olfactory discrimination.
d) olfactory generalization.
b) semantic generalization.
- Sensory preconditioning can be considered as a demonstration of
a) latent inhibition.
b) latent learning.
c) S-R learning.
d) both b and c
b) latent learning.
- As an adjunctive behavior, smoking while studying can be viewed as a(n)
a) type of built-in self-control device.
b) form of self-punishment.
c) fixed action pattern.
d) form of sign-tracking.
a) type of built-in self-control device.
- One group of rats is exposed to a conditioning procedure in which a tone and a shock are consistently paired, while another group is exposed to a procedure in which the tone and shock are not paired. The subsequent strength of responding to the tone by the rats in the second group represents the effect of
a) sensory preconditioning.
b) sensitization.
c) conditioning.
d) latent inhibition.
b) sensitization.
- With respect to the nature-nurture debate, _____ shifted over time toward becoming an extreme proponent of the _____ perspective with respect to human behavior.
a) Skinner; nurture
b) Watson; nurture
c) Skinner; nature
d) Watson; nature
b) Watson; nurture
- According to the matching law, on a concurrent VI 10-sec VI 30-sec schedule of reinforcement, ______ of responses will be emitted on the VI 30-sec alternative.
a) 25%
b) 33.3%
c) 75%
d) 66.7%
a) 25%
- The compensatory-response model of conditioning predicts that it will be easier for someone to quit smoking:
a) gradually.
compensatory-response model of conditioning predicts that it will be easier for someone to quit smoking
b) suddenly.
c) in a smoking-related environment.
d) in an environment not related to smoking.
d) in an environment not related to smoking.
- “That which works remains; that which doesn’t work is eliminated.” This statement reflects the principle of:
a) classical conditioning
b) natural selection.
c) operant conditioning.
d) both b and c.
a) classical conditioning
- Dolphins are similar to chimpanzees as suitable subjects for language training because:
a) they are one of the few species that communicate.
b) their don’t show fear.
c) they have a self-concept.
d) they live in close social groups and are highly intelligent.
d) they live in close social groups and are highly intelligent.
- The term self-control often refers to situations in which one chooses a _____ reward over a _____ reward. a) larger later; smaller sooner
b) smaller sooner; larger later
c) smaller later; larger sooner
d) larger sooner; smaller later
a) larger later; smaller sooner
- In assessing a person’s sleep patterns, you include a measure of how long it takes before the person falls asleep after he or she goes to bed. This would be regarded as a(n) _____ measure of their sleep behavior.
a) speed
b) intensity
c) topography
d) latency
d) latency
- In assessing a person’s sleep patterns, you include a measure of how long it takes before the person falls asleep after he or she goes to bed. This would be regarded as a(n) _____ measure of their sleep behavior.
a) speed
b) intensity
c) topography
d) latency
d) latency
- Developing an aversion to lettuce and tomato sandwiches after hearing a story about someone who once found a spider in such a sandwich is analogous to the treatment procedure known as
a) covert sensitization.
b) imaginal desensitization.
c) imaginal flooding.
d) covert flooding.
a) covert sensitization.
- With his puzzle box experiments, Thorndike discovered that learning is usually a(n) ______ process.
a) sudden
b) unpredictable
c) stressful
d) gradual
d) gradual
- Karl plays cards for several hours a day, and spends only a few minutes studying. According to the Premack principle:
a) playing cards could be used as a reinforcer for studying.
b) studying could be used as a reinforcer for playing cards.
c) playing cards could be used as a punisher for studying.
d) studying could be used as a reinforce for playing cards and playing cards could be used as a punisher for
studying.
a) playing cards could be used as a reinforcer for studying.
- In one study, a rolling marble that predicted the delivery of food seemed to elicit the _____ component of the rat’s feeding system.
a) predatory
b) consumatory
c) social
d) exploratory
a) predatory
- The operant response is properly described as a(n)
a) emitted behavior.
b) contrived behavior.
c) covert behavior.
d) elicited behavior.
operant response is properly described as a(n)
a) emitted behavior.
- When Pedro punched his sister, she punched him back. He never again punched her. This seems to be an example of what process?
a) positive punishment
b) negative reinforcement
c) positive reinforcement
d) negative punishment
a) positive punishment
- On the basis of some research conducted on ways of overcoming learned helplessness, a useful treatment for a student who has difficulty solving math problems might be to:
a) clearly inform the student whenever he is successful.
b) flood him with unsolvable math problems.
c) remove the pressure by telling him that he is in fact poor at math.
d) provide the student with a stimulant.
a) clearly inform the student whenever he is successful.
- Ben immediately takes a liking to Jan after learning that she is a friend of the famous pop artist, Alicia Keys, whom he has always adored. This situation seems most analogous to the process of:
a) US revaluation.
b) higher-order conditioning.
c) blocking.
d) temporal conditioning.
b) higher-order conditioning.
- Joanna does not feed her dog during the day so as to ensure that he will eat all of his dinner that evening. This
is an example of:
a) shaping.
b) negative punishment.
c) extinction.
d) an establishing operation.
d) an establishing operation.