Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Learning > Week 2: Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Week 2: Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A _________ is a characteristic of a person, place or thing that can change over time or from one situation to another

A

variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In behavioural research, the dependent variable is almost always some __________, and the independent variable is some ___________ event that is presumed to influence the DV

A

behaviour; environmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The relationship between the changes in the IV and DV is known as the ________ ________

A

functional relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Can a functional relationship be likened to a cause-and-effect relationship

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A _________ is any event that can potentially influence behaviour, whereas a ________ is a particular instance of behaviour

A

stimulus; response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_______ behaviour is behaviour that has the potential for being directly observed by an individual other than the one performing the behaviour

A

Overt Behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_______ behaviour is behaviour that can be perceived only by the person performing the behaviour

A

Covert behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An __________ stimulus is an event that an organism will seek out

A

appetitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

An _______ stimulus is an event that an organism will avoid

A

Aversive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A procedure that affects the appetitiveness or aversiveness of a stimulus is called an __________ __________

A

establishing operation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

__________ is the prolonged absence of an event, which often increases the appetitiveness of that event

A

Deprivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_______ refers to the prolonged exposure to an event, which often decreases the appetitiveness of that event

A

Satiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

___________ contiguity is the extent to which events occur close tougher in time

A

temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

________ contiguity is the extent to which events are situated close to each other in space

A

spatial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

___________ is a predictive relationship between two events such that the occurrence of one event predicts the probable occurrence of another

A

contingency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____ of _________: the frequency with which a response occurs in a certain period of time

A

rate of response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A _________ recorder is a classic devise that measures the total number of responses over time and provides a graphic depiction of the rate of behaviour

A

cumulative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

__________ research involves simply describing the behaviour and the situation in which an event occurs

A

descriptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

___________ _____________ involves the systematic observation and recording of behaviour in its natural environment

A

Naturalistic observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_________ : a branch of zoology that focuses on the study of inherited behaviour patterns in animals

A

Ethology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A __________ design is a type of control group design in which different species constitute one of the independent variables

A

comparative design

22
Q

In a simple - __________ design, behaviour in a baseline condition is compared to behaviour in a treatment condition

A

comparison

23
Q

In single - comparison designs, the phase A is the _________ and phase B is the _________ phase

A

Baseline; Treatment

24
Q

The ________ design is a type of single-subject design that involves repeated alternations between a baseline period and a treatment period

A

reversal design

25
Q

Two advantages of using animals in research are the ability to control their _______ makeup and their _________ history

A

genetic; learning

26
Q

A common method for measuring behaviour is to _________ and _____ it

A

observe; track

27
Q

___________ variable:

  • Manipulated
  • Environmental event (e.g. stimuli)
A

Independent

28
Q

_________ variable:

-Behavioural response

A

dependent

29
Q

Stimulus:

  • __________ (seek out)
  • _____________ (avoid)
A

Appetitive; Aversive

30
Q

___________: an instance of a behaviour

A

response

31
Q

__________ operations: a procedure that affects the appetitiveness or aversiveness of an event

A

Motivating

32
Q

___________ operation: ‘depriving an animal of food’ leads to INCREASES in the appetitiveness of food

A

Establishing

33
Q

__________ operation: ‘ Overfeeding (satiating) an anima’ leads to DECREASES the appetitiveness of food

A

Abolishing

34
Q

_________ contiguity: extent to which events occur close together in time

A

Temporal

35
Q

__________ contiguity: extent to which events are situated close to each other

A

Spatial contiguity

36
Q

___________: predictive relationship between two events

A

contingency

37
Q

“does not control for external influences” is a disadvantage of a ______-_______ design

A

single-subject

38
Q

A = ________
B = _________
in a single-subject design

A

baseline; treatment

39
Q

________ _______: A collection of related statements whose main function is to summarise and explain observations

A

Scientific Theory

40
Q

________ operations: a procedure that affects the appetitiveness or aversiveness of an event

A

Motivating operation

41
Q

___________ operation: (e.g.) Depriving an animal of food - increases the appetitiveness of food

A

Establishing operations

42
Q

________ operations: (e.g.) overfeeding an animal - decreases appetitiveness of food

A

Abolishing operations

43
Q

_______ means “closeness” or “nearness”

A

Contiguity

44
Q

_________ is a predictive relationship between two events, such that the occurrence of one event predicts the probable occurrence of another

A

Contingency

45
Q

__% is often regarded the minimum acceptable level of inter-observer reliability

A

80%

46
Q

Can naturalistic observation determine causal effect?

A

No

47
Q

IF you wanted to systematically change the response behaviour. What single subject design would you use?

A

Changing-Criterion

48
Q

What are two advantages of a multiple baseline design?

A
  • Treatment isn’t withdrawn as there are multiple people

- Good for treatments that produce permanent change

49
Q

What are two disadvantages of multiple baseline designs?

A
  • You need at least 2 + people;

- Treatment may generalise before we are ready

50
Q

A small N, individualised treatment methods and no need for statistics are all advantages of a _________ design

A

reversal design

Learning (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions