week 5 pharm Flashcards
what drug class is hydralizine
potent vasodilator for the arteries
what is the MOA for hydralizine
acts on vascular smooth muscle to cause dilation of the arteries. causes decreased afterload, peripheral resistance, and lowers BP
what is a major adverse effect of hydralizine, which drug is usually taken with it to stop this?
reflex tachycardia, usually taken with beta blockers to prevent this
what drug class is losartan
angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARB)
what is the MOA for losartan
similar to ACE inhibitors, blocks angio 2 which results in vasodilation and decrease in blood volume
prevents cardiac remodelling!
what are some monitoring parameters for losartan
BP, K, angioedema
why would we need to monitor K for losartan
because it blocks aldosterone, aldosterone and K repel each other
why is furosemide given for a patient with heart failure
used for situations that require a massive removal of fluid
what is the MOA for hydrochrolothiazide
blocks reuptake of Na and Cl in the distal convoluted tubule
why is spironolactone given for a patient with heart failure
because it blocks aldosterone, increases K in the body
what are the main functions of diuretics for patients with heart failure
decrease preload, pulmonary edema, and peripheral edema
why would it be beneficial to decrease preload on a patient with heart failure
because its hard on the heart to keep having to work to eject large amounts of fluid
how to SLGT-2 inhibitors work on patients with heart failure
they reduce absorption of glucose in the kidney, glucose gets excreted through urine and takes water with it, having a diuresis effect
what are some adverse effects for SLGT-2 inhibitors
UTI and yeast infection
what is the drug for SLGT-2 inhibitors
Canagliflozin
what is the Sacubirtil/valsartan chemical name
ARNI
MOA for ARNI drugs
basically works against the RAAS, induces natriuretisis and vasodilation
what does ANP do
every time there’s issues with the heart and decreased cardiac output, your body produces this peptide to work against the raas. only issue is its not strong enough so ARNI drugs increase the effectiveness of this
what are the three meds used for partial fibrillation
beta blockers (slows HR) , CCBs (slows contractility), digoxin
which drug should be added to any drug intervention for artrial fibrillation
warfarin should be added to reduce the risk of blood clots
what does Digoxin do
it inhibits the sodium potassium pump to slow down heart rate
what is the relationship between digoxin and potassium
digoxin competes with potassium to cross the cell membrane, without potassium this drug is toxic to the body
