week 4 pharm Flashcards
what part of ACE inhibitors causes dry cough?
the blocking of bradykinin
how to ACE inhibitors affect potassium?
it causes high potassium because it stops aldosterone which is the opposite of spironolactone
how to statins work?
they lower overall cholesterol by blocking the HMG enzyme that helps liver make cholesterol, forcing the liver to make more LDL receptors.
how long to statins take to work
2 weeks, its a 4 lifer med
what is the main risk
of taking atorvastatin
it can cause myopathy which releases myoglobin, can put someone into renal failure
what are some things that are important to monitor for a patient takin atrovastatin
BUN, creatinine, muscle pain
what is colesevelam and what does it do
it is a bile acid sequestrate, it takes cholesterol, clumps it together, and secretes it through stool. Liver ends up making more cholesterol receptors
what are things you need to monitor in a patient taking colesevelam
monitor GI function, bile is make up of cholesterol so it could affect bile production
how do beta blockers work
reduces HR, force of contraction, and decreases renin secretion (angio 2 and aldosterone aren’t made so it stops water retention and vasoconstriction)
what are some early warning signs of hypoglycemias for a person on beta blockers
tachycardia, tremors, perspiration
what are some early signs of heart failure (not MI, just that its not working as well)
- SOB while lying flat and OE
- edema
weight gain
cough at night
what drug class is verapamil
calcium channel blocker
what is verapamil MOA
inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membrane, delays conduction so that there’s more time for preload
why would CCBs cause edema and abdominal discomfort
it slows GI motility so it causes tummy ache, and it causes edema because of mass vasodilation
what drug should you really not give with calcium channel blockers
beta blockers, its asking for a heart block
MOA for ACE inhibitors
ACE triggers raas to vasoconstrict and retain water and salt, so blocking it will cause vasodilation and fluid to not be retained.
what are some monitoring parameters for ACE inhibitosr
- assess BP and HR a lot
- fluid balance (ins and outs)
- blood work (K and creatinine)
how does nitroglycerine spray work for stop angina
basically she’s a potent vasodilator, dilates veins in the body to increase venous return and preload which decreases overall workload
relaxes vasospasm in the coronary arteries
what are some adverse effects for nitroglycerin spray
- headache, tachycardia, hypotension
what is isosorbide
long acting nitrate pills that do the exact same thing as nitroglycerin
how does aspirin lower blood pressure
irreversible inhibition of cox to suppress platelet aggrigation
relaxes vasoconstriction because of less resistance and pressure overall
which type of cardiac patients will receive clopidogrel
patents who have stints in after an MI to stop platelets from forming around it (they’ll be on it for about a year or so)
whats the difference between unfractioned heparin and deltaparin (LMWH)
unfractioned is cheaper, and needs to have blood work monitored
what is the indication for atleplase
STEMI
