week 10 seminar Flashcards
what are the major CKD risk factors
diabetes
HTN
family history of kidney disease
also history of kidney disease
what are the two ethnicities most susceptible to CKD
indigenous sand southeast asian
what is the earliest sign of diabetic nephropathhy
proteinuria
how long after the onset of type 2 diabetes does proteinuria usually appear
5-10 years
what does GFR have to be to diagnose CKD
less than 60 ML/min
can you just use GFR to diagnose CKD
no you need albuminuria as well
how does GFR and albuminuria make you more likely to be at risk for kidney disease
lower GFR Dana higher albuminuria
how do we base CKD staging
on eGFR and albuminuria
which stage of CKD will you see albuminuria
stage 3
patient is asymptomatic but has a decreased ability to concentrate urine, which stage of CKD are they likely in
stage 2
patient has uraemia, which stage of CKD are they in
stage 5
which diagnostic test may be hard on the kidneys
CT dye is hard on the kidneys
which meds are hard on the kidneys
(CANS)
chemo
antibiotics
NSAIDS
Solvents (ethylene glycol)
which types of food should be avoided in CKD (think about electrolytes)
magnesium
protein
potassium
salty foods
high purine foods
calcium *because you done have vitamin D to absorb it)
are S3 sounds bad?
yes
what is uremic fetter
bad breath that tastes metallic caused by uraemia
which meds may cause constipation with CKD
calcium carbonare, K exolate
what is pruritis
decreased skin oils and turgor, indicates that the skin is very dry
what is renal osteodystrophy
demineralisation of the bone due to PTH breaking down calcium in the bone due to high phosphate and low calcium
why isn’t creatinine clearance a fav over eGFR anymore?
because it takes forever and has a high likelihood of failing
what the difference in monitoring during hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis
hemodyalisis: monitor vitals and blood work
peritoneal: no monitoring
what are dietary changes in peritoneal dialysis
increase protein intake and avoid constipation
what is dialysate
a fluid used in dialysis for both types
what is a thrill
a vibration on the fistula that means its working
what is a bruit
a whooshing sound in a fistula that means its working
what are complications for hemodialysis
hypotension
bleeding
infection
what are complications for peritoneal dialysis
outflow obstruction
infeciton
back pain
