Week 5 Mitochondrial damage

Question 1

what (in general) decreases (2) and increases (1) in mitochondria exposed to hypoxia?

Answer 1

decrease: Oxygen, ATP
increase: protons (becomes more acidic due to lactate buildup)

Question 2

what are the effects of decreased ATP in hypoxic/ischemic condiitions? how? (2)

Answer 2

Sodium accumulates in the cell and water follows (cell swells). Na/K ATPase quits (increases Na) and the Na/H pump increases to remove protons which increases the amount of Na in the cell further.

Question 3

what is hydropic change

Answer 3

the phenomenon that results from decreased ATP in cells (hypoxia) and an increased influx of water and Na that causes the cell to swell

Question 4

what follows hydropic change in ischemic cells?

Answer 4

Ca induced injury

Question 5

what effect does increased intracellular Ca have on ischemic cells

Answer 5

activates phospholipases, proteases, endonucleases that degrade cell components and cause apoptosis/necrosis