Week 3 Behavior Lecture

Question 1

what is a neutral stimulus?

Answer 1

CS: a stimulus that does not elicit a response

Question 2

what is a unconditioned stimulus

Answer 2

UCS: a stimulus that naturally elicits a response

Question 3

what is a natural response

Answer 3

UCR: the natural response to the UCS

Question 4

what is a conditioned response

Answer 4

CR: the response to the neutral stimulus that is often similar to the UCR

Question 5

A loud noise is always paired with the presence of a rat. eventually the rat is enough to elicit the response of fear. What is the UCS, UCR, CR, CS

Answer 5

UCS: loud noise
UCR: Fear of noise
CS: white rate
CR: fear of white rate

Question 6

what are three behavioral treatments that are partly bases on classical conditioning?

Answer 6

1. systematic desensitization, exposure without learning an incompatible response, aversive conditioning

Question 7

what should you think about when you think classical conditioning?

Answer 7

pavlov, UCR UCS CS CR

Question 8

what are the steps in systematic desensitization? (3)

Answer 8

• learn an incompatible response besides fear/anxiety (deep breathing)
• create an anxiety hierarchy
• gradually expose to threatening stimuli

Question 9

what is aversive conditioining?

Answer 9

it sensitizes a person and creates an undesirable CR

Question 10

Paul has a fear of dogs. He goes to the psychologist who gradually exposes him to first the sound of a dog, then to a small dog, then to a large dog. what technique is this?

Answer 10

exposure w/o learning an incompatible response beforehand (elimiates the CR)

Question 11

Bill is an alcoholic. His pyschologist gave him pills to take that make him nauseaous. He was told to take them whenever he wants alcohol. Bill eventually stops wanting alcohol. what technique is this?

Answer 11

aversive conditioning (produces an undesirabel CR)

Question 12

Paul has a fear of dogs. He goes to the psychologist who teaches him a breating technique to use whenever he feels anxious. he then exposes him to first the sound of a dog, then to a small dog, then to a large dog. what technique is this?

Answer 12

systematic desensitization (eliminates the CR)

Question 13

what are four challenges in using classical conditioning?

Answer 13

controlling exposure of fear (PTSD), identifiying focus of fear (anxiety disorder), timing the exposure to feared object/CS, making the exposure challenging enough

Question 14

when thinking of operant conditioning, what should you think of?

Answer 14

Skinner, rewards and punishment

Question 15

what is positive reinforcement?

Answer 15

applying rewards (positive) to make a behavior more likely (reinforce)

Question 16

what is negative reinforcement?

Answer 16

taking away adverse consequences (negative) to make a behavior more likely (reinforce)

Question 17

what is punishment?

Answer 17

applying aversive consequences makes behavior less likely to occur

Question 18

what is extinction

Answer 18

withdrawing generally positivie consequences makes behavior less likely to occur

Question 19

John put some soup into the microwave it’s now steaming hot. In the past when he tried to take out the bowl from the microwave after heating it up he has burned himself. He has since learned to put on oven gloves when taking the bowl out of the microwave. Since the oven gloves mean he never gets burned anymore he always puts them on. this is an example of….

Answer 19

negative reinforcement

is the behavior more or less likely to occur?more. is something being added or taken away? take away the pain

Question 20

ben gets $5 every time he gets an A. this is an example of…

Answer 20

positive reinforcement

Question 21

spanking is an example of what?

Answer 21

punishment

Question 22

Imagine that a researcher has trained a lab rat to press a key to receive a food pellet. What happens when the researcher stops delivering the food? While extinction will not occur immediately, it will after time. If the rat continues to press the key but does not get the pellet, the behavior will eventually dwindle until is disappears entirely. is an example of?

Answer 22

extinction

Question 23

what is shaping?

Answer 23

rewarding progress, not perfection

Question 24

tim gets out of bed 20X every night. his mom begins to reward him if he gets out 18X….16X and the 0X what is this?

Answer 24

shaping

Question 25

for positive reinforcement what should be the frequency of consequences?

Answer 25

continuous reinforcement to acquire, intermittent reinforcement to maintain

Question 26

for operant conditioning to work best what should be the timing of consequences?

Answer 26

close temporal link