Week 4 Diabetes Review and Clinical Presentation Lecture Flashcards
today, 1 in __ adults have diabetes
11
is diabetes a problem?
LOLZ. yes. it is a growing problem with increasing prevalence worldwide, and increasing cost (1 in 9 health dollars spent on diabetes). serious, common, costly
what three factors are largely contributing to the soaring diabetes prevalence worldwide?
- poor diet
- sedentary lifestyle
- longer life
what explains why children from low-income homes are more likely to be obese?
unhealthy food is cheaper than healthy food
we see that Asian countries do not have a high BMI, yet they have a high prevalence of diabetes. what does this suggest?
these individuals may experience metabolic complications before having an obese BMI. Suggesting a lower BMI in which to test for diabetes in these populations.
what are some adverse health affects that diabetes is the leading cause for? 4
- 6th leading cause of death in the US
- leading cause of new blindness in adults
- leading cause of renal failure
- leading cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputations
most of the medical cost of diabetes goes into which aspect of diabetes care?
treating the complications, NOT preventing the disease
Diabetes is a disease in which the body doesnt (3)
- doesnt produce insulin at all
- doesnt produce sufficient insulin
- doesnt properly use (sense) insulin
contrast type I and II diabetes; age of onset, gradual or sudden, body type
Type I: younger, sudden, usually thin
Type II: older, gradual, usually obese
what are some causes (4) of insulin resistance?
obesity (increase in FFAs and adipokines (leptin, TNF-alpha, decreased adiponectin)
stress: counter regulatory hormones (adrenaline/NE, cortisol)
Pregnancy: placental hormones
Infection
what are two clinical presentations of insulin resistance? whats the difference?
glucose intolerance and type II DM: glucose intolerance is a pre-diabetic condition
Generally, at the time of Type II DM diagnosis what is the condition of B cells? what does this suggest?
B cell fxn is 50% of normal. suggests that B cells were declining in fxn many years before diagnosis, a progressive disorder
what are the symptoms of hyperglycemia? 6
thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), blurry vision, weight loss, fatigue, hunger
when should diabetes screening be conducted?2
- every 3 years for individual over 45
- in those with a BMI>25 (overweight)
what are the compication ABCs of diabetes?
A: HbA1C
B: Blood pressure (high)
C: LDL cholesterol (high)
