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Foundations 1 > Week 2 Pharmodynamics Module > Flashcards

Week 2 Pharmodynamics Module Flashcards

1
Q

define pharmodynamics

A

what a drug does to the body

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2
Q

define pharmokinetics

A

what the body does to a drug

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3
Q

what is a drug?

A

an exogenous chemical compound that effects a biochemical or physiological function in a specific way

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4
Q

define receptor

A

a sensing element in a chemical communication system that coordinates the function of different cells in the body

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5
Q

define inert binding site

A

an endogenous molecule that binds to a drug but does not lead to a response (ex drugs commonly bind with albumin, and that binding does not cause any physiologic effects)

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6
Q

give an example of a drug that inhibits an enzyme

A

Statin: inhibits HMGCoA Reductase which decreases intra-hepatic cholesterol synthesis

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7
Q

give an example of a drug that acts on a transport protein

A

Digitalis: inhibits Na/K ATPase

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8
Q

give an example of a drug that acts on a structural protein

A

Colchicine: binds tubuline

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9
Q

what are the four families of receptors. which are membrane receptors?

A

ligand-gated ion channels: membrane G protein coupled receptors: membrane Enzyme-linked receptors: membrane Intracellular receptros: not in the membrane (ligand is hydrophobic)

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10
Q

what are three prototypes of statin?

A

simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin

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11
Q

what do glucocorticoid drugs do?

A

anti-inflammatory agents

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12
Q

what are three prototypes of glucocorticoids?

A

dexamethasone, prednisone, hydrocortisone

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13
Q

Drug affinity is directly proportional to what two factors?

A

bond strength and structural conformation

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14
Q

what is an agonist?

A

substance that activates receptors. has affinity for receptor and intrinsic activity

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15
Q

what is an antagonist

A

substance that prevents receptor activation. affinity for receptor but no intrinsic activity

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16
Q

what is othrosteric binding of drugs

A

drug binds to active site

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17
Q

what is allosteric binding of drugs

A

drug binds at a site other than the active site

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18
Q

what is a full agonist?

A

produces 100% activation of a receptor at high concentrations

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19
Q

what is a partial agonist

A

binding results in less than 100% activation even at very high concentrations

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20
Q

what is an inverse agonist

A

binding results in a response below the basal activity

21
Q

what is a competitive antagonist. can they be overcome

A

binds to the same site as an agonist (reduce potency). overcome by increasing agonist concentration

22
Q

what is a noncompetitive antagonist. how can they be overcome?

A

binds to a different site than the agonist. prevent the binding of agonist or prevent the agonist from activating the receptor. reduce efficacy. cant be overcome

23
Q

define potency

A

amount of drug needed to reach a desired effect

24
Q

define efficacy

A

max effect a drug can produce

25
Q

what are physiological antagonists

A

opposing pathways that exist in the body

26
Q

what are chemical antagonists

A

receptors are not involved, activity based on chemical interactions

27
Q

what is selectivity

A

the degree to which a drug or chemical has an affinity for a particular type of receptor

28
Q

what is favorable about highly selective drugs?

A

they produce the intended or desired effect with minimal side effects

29
Q

give an example of a selective drug

A

some beta blockers selectively block Beta 1 receptors in the heart but not beta 2 receptors in the lungs

30
Q

a drug is selective if…

A

the drug interacts with only one type of receptor, and if that receptor type regulates just a few processes

31
Q

a drug is non-selective if…(2 options)

A

if a drug interacts with one receptor but that receptor regulates multiple processes. OR if a drug interacts with multiple receptors.

32
Q

which drugs are completely selective

A

none. increasing does of any drug will lead to side effects.

33
Q

does selectivity guarantee drug safety?

A

no. too much of a drug can still have a negative effect

34
Q

what is a graded dose-response curve? what can it tell you?

A

a curve that shows how different concentrations of a drug impact its effects. it can be used tom compare potency and efficacy of different drugs

35
Q

what is Emax?

A

the maximal response or effect. biggest response a drug can produce

36
Q

what is EC50

A

the concentration of the drug producing 50% of the maximal effect (Emax)

37
Q

what to quantal dose-response curves show?

A

these curves tell you how drugs effect the general population. Give you ED50, TD50, LD50

38
Q

what is ED50

A

the effective dose in which the desired effects are seen in 50% of people

39
Q

what is TD50

A

the toxic dose for 50% of popn

40
Q

what is LD50

A

the lethal dose for 50% of people

41
Q

how do you calculate therapeutic index? TI

A

TI=TD50/ED50

42
Q

how do you calculate the margin of safety?

A

MS=LD1/ED99

43
Q

when is it ok to use a drug with a narrow therapeutic window (small TI)

A

only when no other therapeutic options exist. routine monitoring of drug levels is necessary

44
Q

a wide therapeutic window has what TI?

A

large TI

45
Q

what is this?

A

Quantal dose response curve

46
Q

what is this?

A

graded dose response curve

47
Q

give an example of a non-slective beta blocker?

A

propanolol and sotolol

48
Q

what are examples of selective beta blockers

A

atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol

Foundations 1 (65 decks)

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