Week 5 - Gastritis

Question 1

what is gastritis

Answer 1

• irritation and inflammation of the gastric mucosa

Question 2

gastritis may be..

Answer 2

• acute or chronic

- diffused or localized

Question 3

briefly describe the patho gastritis

Answer 3

• occurs as a result of the breakdown of the normal mucosal barrier (which normally protects the stomach tissue from HCl)

Question 4

what are some causes of gastritis (6)

Answer 4

• drugs
• diet
• microorganisms
• enviro factors
• pathophysiological conditions
• stress (emotional & physical)

Question 5

what are some example of drugs that can cause gastritis (3)

Answer 5

• NSAIDs
• ASA
• corticosteroids

Question 6

what type of diet can cause gastritis

Answer 6

• alcohol

- spicy, irritating food

Question 7

what are 3 examples of microorganisms that can cause gastritis

Answer 7

• H. pylori **
• salmonella
• staphylcoccus organisms

Question 8

what 2 environmental factors can cause gastritis

Answer 8

• smoking

- radiation

Question 9

what are some pathophysiological conditions rthat can cause gastritis (6)

Answer 9

• burns
• hiatal hernia
• reflux of bile and pancreatic secretions
• renal failure
• sepsis
• shock

Question 10

what are symptoms of gastritis (5)

Answer 10

• anorexia
• NV
• epigastric tenderness
• feeling of fullness

Question 11

if a pt has chronic gastritis, what might you see? why?

Answer 11

• vitamin deficiencies ex. B12

- lose IF which is important for absorption of vitmains

Question 12

what can B12 deficiency in gastritis cause

Answer 12

• anemia (bc B12 imp for growth & maturation of RBC)

Question 13

how can gastritis be diagnosed (5)

Answer 13

• history (drug, alcohol, smoking, etc.)
• endoscopic exam
• CBC
• stools for occult blood
• gastric analysis

Question 14

list nursing interventions for gastritis (4)

Answer 14

• eliminate cause
• care for NV
• VS & test vomit for blood (especially if hemorrhage is considered likely)
• drug therapy

Question 15

list what is included in care for NV r/t gastritis (5)

Answer 15

• NPO
• IV fluids
• electrolytes
• antiemetics
• gradually reintroduce clear liquid, solid, bland foods

Question 16

what are some meds used for gastritis (3)

Answer 16

• antacids
• H2R blockers
• PPIs

Question 17

list what should be taught to a pt with chronic gastritis (5)

Answer 17

• if have pernicuous anemia, need injections of cobalamin
• adhere to drug regimen
• nonirritating diet with 6 small meals a day
• use antacid after meaks
• smoking cessation

Question 18

a nursing diagnosis r/t upper GI problems is acute pain. what nursing interventions can be done for this (5)

Answer 18

• perform assessment of pain
• provide optimal pain relief
• select & implement variety of pain measures
• teach use of pharmacologic techniques
• institute and modify pain measures on basis of pts response

Question 19

a nursing diagnosis r/t upper GI problems is ineffective health mngmt. what nursing interventions can be done for this (7)

Answer 19

• assess pts knowledge
• explain patho of disease
• discuss therapy & treatment options
• describe rationale behind mngmt, treatment
• discuss lifestyle changes required
• explore what pt has already done to manage symptoms
• instruct pt on S&S to report to HCP

Question 20

a potential complication of upper GI disorders is hemorrhage. describe the nursing interventions for that (12)

Answer 20

• asses for hematemesis, melena, coffe ground emesis
• assess for signs of shock
• assess for abd pain
• if ulcer actively bleeding, observe NG tube aspirate or emesis for amt & color
• VS q15-30 min
• maintain IV infusion line
• if RBC transfusion given, observe for transfusion reaction
• monitor hct and hgb q4-6 hr during active bleeding
• record I&O
• reassure pt & fam
• remain calm
• prep patient for endoscopy or surgery

Question 21

a potential complication of upper GI problems is perforation. what nursing interventions can be done for that (8)

Answer 21

• assess for abdom pain, rigidity, shallow & rapid resps, shoulder & back pain, tachy, NV, no BS, tachy, no relief of pain w foods or antacids
• prep to insert NG tube into stomach for gastric decomp & prevent spillage of GI content into abdominal cav
• maintain IV infusion (albumin, LR) d/t hypovolemia
• vitals q 15-30 min
• I&O
• ab
• pain meds
• prep pt for endoscopy or surgery