Week 5 - Gastritis Flashcards
what is gastritis
- irritation and inflammation of the gastric mucosa
gastritis may be..
- acute or chronic
- diffused or localized
briefly describe the patho gastritis
- occurs as a result of the breakdown of the normal mucosal barrier (which normally protects the stomach tissue from HCl)
what are some causes of gastritis (6)
- drugs
- diet
- microorganisms
- enviro factors
- pathophysiological conditions
- stress (emotional & physical)
what are some example of drugs that can cause gastritis (3)
- NSAIDs
- ASA
- corticosteroids
what type of diet can cause gastritis
- alcohol
- spicy, irritating food
what are 3 examples of microorganisms that can cause gastritis
- H. pylori **
- salmonella
- staphylcoccus organisms
what 2 environmental factors can cause gastritis
- smoking
- radiation
what are some pathophysiological conditions rthat can cause gastritis (6)
- burns
- hiatal hernia
- reflux of bile and pancreatic secretions
- renal failure
- sepsis
- shock
what are symptoms of gastritis (5)
- anorexia
- NV
- epigastric tenderness
- feeling of fullness
if a pt has chronic gastritis, what might you see? why?
- vitamin deficiencies ex. B12
- lose IF which is important for absorption of vitmains
what can B12 deficiency in gastritis cause
- anemia (bc B12 imp for growth & maturation of RBC)
how can gastritis be diagnosed (5)
- history (drug, alcohol, smoking, etc.)
- endoscopic exam
- CBC
- stools for occult blood
- gastric analysis
list nursing interventions for gastritis (4)
- eliminate cause
- care for NV
- VS & test vomit for blood (especially if hemorrhage is considered likely)
- drug therapy
list what is included in care for NV r/t gastritis (5)
- NPO
- IV fluids
- electrolytes
- antiemetics
- gradually reintroduce clear liquid, solid, bland foods
what are some meds used for gastritis (3)
- antacids
- H2R blockers
- PPIs
list what should be taught to a pt with chronic gastritis (5)
- if have pernicuous anemia, need injections of cobalamin
- adhere to drug regimen
- nonirritating diet with 6 small meals a day
- use antacid after meaks
- smoking cessation
a nursing diagnosis r/t upper GI problems is acute pain. what nursing interventions can be done for this (5)
- perform assessment of pain
- provide optimal pain relief
- select & implement variety of pain measures
- teach use of pharmacologic techniques
- institute and modify pain measures on basis of pts response
a nursing diagnosis r/t upper GI problems is ineffective health mngmt. what nursing interventions can be done for this (7)
- assess pts knowledge
- explain patho of disease
- discuss therapy & treatment options
- describe rationale behind mngmt, treatment
- discuss lifestyle changes required
- explore what pt has already done to manage symptoms
- instruct pt on S&S to report to HCP
a potential complication of upper GI disorders is hemorrhage. describe the nursing interventions for that (12)
- asses for hematemesis, melena, coffe ground emesis
- assess for signs of shock
- assess for abd pain
- if ulcer actively bleeding, observe NG tube aspirate or emesis for amt & color
- VS q15-30 min
- maintain IV infusion line
- if RBC transfusion given, observe for transfusion reaction
- monitor hct and hgb q4-6 hr during active bleeding
- record I&O
- reassure pt & fam
- remain calm
- prep patient for endoscopy or surgery
a potential complication of upper GI problems is perforation. what nursing interventions can be done for that (8)
- assess for abdom pain, rigidity, shallow & rapid resps, shoulder & back pain, tachy, NV, no BS, tachy, no relief of pain w foods or antacids
- prep to insert NG tube into stomach for gastric decomp & prevent spillage of GI content into abdominal cav
- maintain IV infusion (albumin, LR) d/t hypovolemia
- vitals q 15-30 min
- I&O
- ab
- pain meds
- prep pt for endoscopy or surgery
