Lab Values

Question 1

normal hgb lvl for males

Answer 1

140-180 mmol/L

Question 2

normal hgb lvl for females

Answer 2

120-160 mmol/L

Question 3

what is hemoglobin

Answer 3

• protein in the RBC that carries oxygen

Question 4

what is hematocrit (hct)

Answer 4

• a measure of the % of RBC in a person’s blood

- amt of RBC compared to an indivduals blood volume

Question 5

normal hct for males

Answer 5

42-52%

Question 6

normal hct for females

Answer 6

37-47%

Question 7

what are platelets

Answer 7

• cells whose main fnxn is to help clot blood

Question 8

normal plt lvl

Answer 8

150-400 x 10^9/L

Question 9

what are WBCs

Answer 9

• cells that are involved in the immune system & fighting infection

Question 10

normal WBC lvl

Answer 10

5-10 x 10^9/L

Question 11

normal K+ lvl

Answer 11

3. 5-5 mmol/L

* think: bananas have lots of K+, there is typically 3-5 bananas in a bunch*

Question 12

normal Na+ lvl

Answer 12

135-145 mmol/L

Question 13

normal fasting glucose lvl

Answer 13

4-6 mmol/L

Question 14

what is HbA1c

Answer 14

• refers to glycated hemoglobin
• measure amt of blood sugar/glucose attached to hemoglobin
• assesses average BG over the past three months

Question 15

normal HbA1c

Answer 15

< 6%

Question 16

normal total cholesterol lvl

Answer 16

< 5 mmol/L

Question 17

what is BUN

Answer 17

• blood urea nitrogen
• measures amt of urea in blood
• imp indicator of kidney fnxn

Question 18

normal BUN lvl

Answer 18

3.6-7.1 mmol/L

Question 19

what is creatinine

Answer 19

• waste product produced from muscles

- good indicator of kidney fnxn

Question 20

normal creatinine lvl for males

Answer 20

53-106 mmol/L

Question 21

normal creatinine lvl for females

Answer 21

44-97 mmol/L

Question 22

what is PT

Answer 22

• prothrombin time

- assesses the extrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade

Question 23

normal PT lvl

Answer 23

11-12.5 sec

Question 24

what is INR

Answer 24

• international normalized ratio

- assesses the extrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade

Question 25

normal INR

Answer 25

0.81 - 1.2

Question 26

what is the typical therapeutic INR lvl

Answer 26

2-3 ``` <2 = med not effective at preventing blood clots >3 = risk of bleeding ```

Question 27

what does the typical therapeutic INR lvl mean

Answer 27

- it is considered the effective therapeutic range for people taking warfarin

Question 28

what is the difference betwen INR and PT (2)? similarities (2)?

Answer 28

- INR is used more often - INR is calculated from PT time - both assess extrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade - both used for pts taking warfarin

Question 29

what is PTT

Answer 29

- partial thromboplastin time | - assesses the intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade

Question 30

normal PTT lvl

Answer 30

60-70 sec

Question 31

what is aPTT

Answer 31

- activated partial thromboplastin time | - assesses the intrinsic and common pathways of the coag cascade

Question 32

normal aPTT lvl

Answer 32

30-40 sec

Question 33

normal therapeutic aPTT lvl

Answer 33

46-70 sec

Question 34

what does the normal therapeutic aPTT lvl mean

Answer 34

- the effective therapeutic range for pts on heparin

Question 35

what are the similarities between PTT and aPTT (1)? differences (2)

Answer 35

- both assess intrinsic and common pathway - an activator agent is used in aPTT to speed up clotting time - aPTT used more often

Question 36

normal pH lvl

Answer 36

7.35 to 7.45

Question 37

what is pH

Answer 37

- a scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution

Question 38

what is PCO2

Answer 38

- measure of carbon dioxide in blood

Question 39

normal PCO2 lvl

Answer 39

35-45 mmHg

Question 40

what is HCO3

Answer 40

- measure of bicarb in blood

Question 41

normal HCO3 lvl

Answer 41

21-28 mmol/L

Question 42

what is PaO2

Answer 42

- partial pressure of oxygen | - measurement of oxygen pressure in arterial blood

Question 43

normal PaO2 lvl

Answer 43

80-100 mmHg

Question 44

what is SaO2

Answer 44

- measure of the % of hgb that is saturated w O2

Question 45

normal SaO2

Answer 45

95-100%