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NURS 3512 - Class 1-6 > Week 3 - Perfusion Ppt > Flashcards

Week 3 - Perfusion Ppt Flashcards

1
Q

what are possible heart problems

A
  • cardiomyopathy
  • strength of contraction
  • HF
  • conduction issues
  • HTN
  • MI
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2
Q

what is cardiomyopathy

A
  • group of diseases that directly affect the structural or functional ability of the myocardium
  • deals w fibres, walls, valves of heart
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3
Q

what do conduction issues cause

A
  • abnormal HR = not perfusing to body well
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4
Q

what can impact strength of contraction of the heart

A
  • weak heart muscle
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5
Q

what are some signs that a pt’s cardiac condition is worsening, indicates perfusion problem or that the heart is not working efficiently (12)

A
  • fatigue
  • dyspnea
  • peripheral edema
  • BP changes
  • HR changes
  • abnormal rhythm
  • chest pain
  • wet cough
  • neuro changes (d/t decreased perfusion to brain)
  • poor urinary output (d/t decreased perfusion to kidneys)
  • PE
  • cardiogenic shock
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6
Q

what neuro changes could indicate that a pt’s cardiac condition is worsening (6)

A
  • fatigue
  • faint
  • weak
  • light headed
  • confused
  • decreased LOC
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7
Q

what is cardiogenic shock

A
  • extremely low perfusion

= emergency

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8
Q

what are signs of cardiogenic shock (5)

A
  • cool
  • clammy
  • decreased LOC
  • poor color (cyanosis)
  • low BP
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9
Q

what are various diagnostic tests for cardiac disorders (7)

A
  • chest xray
  • 12 lead ECG (electrocardiography)
  • cardiac monitoring –> 3 leads
  • blood work
  • echo
  • angiogram/angiography
  • exercise/stress test
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10
Q

what blood work can be done as a diagnostic test for cardiac disorders (4)

A
  • lipid profile
  • CK-MB
  • BNP
  • cardiac markers
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11
Q

how is a chest xray useful for diagnostics of cardiac disorders

A
  • see shape, size of heart

- see position of heart in chest

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12
Q

what is an echocardiogram

A
  • noninvasive diagnostic that shows graphic outline of the heart’s movement
  • uses a nultrasound (high-frequency sound waves) from a hand-held wand placed on your chest
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13
Q

what does an echo show you (6)

A
  • heart structure (walls, chambers, valves)
  • heart functioning
  • ejection fraction
  • beating of heart
  • flow of blood
  • evaluates pumping action of heart
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14
Q

what is ejection fraction

A
  • measurement, expressed as a percentage, of how much blood the left ventricle pumps out with each contraction.
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15
Q

what is an angiogram/angiography

A
  • invasive cardiac catheterization thru the femoral
  • procedure that uses X-ray imaging to see your heart’s blood vessels
  • a type of dye that’s visible by an X-ray machine is injected into the blood vessels of your heart
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16
Q

why is an angiography done

A
  • The test is generally done to see if there’s a restriction in blood flow going to the heart
  • see if any blockages
17
Q

what does an exercise / stress test do

A
  • activity = increased demands on coronary arteries to provide more O2
  • sees how heart responds to increased O2 demands
18
Q

what is the difference between a 12-lead ECG and cardiac monitoring

A
  • 12 lead = see full view of heart’s electrical system

- cardiac monitoring uses 3 leads to show the rhythm

19
Q

what do meds for various cardiac disorders aim to do

A
  • lower BP
  • lower HR
  • normalize heart rhythm (so heart contracts more efficiently)
  • decrease preload
  • dilate coronary arteries
  • meds for post MI to prevent another one
  • meds that effect blood clotting
20
Q

what meds are used to decrease preload (3)

A
  • diuretics
  • nitrates
  • morphine
21
Q

what meds are used to dilate coronary arteries

A
  • nitrates
22
Q

what are post MI cardiac meds (3)

A
  • ASA
  • lipid lowering (statins)
  • meds to maintain good Bp and HR
23
Q

what meds can be used to prevent blood clotting

A
  • ASA
  • heparin
  • warfarin
  • tPA
  • alteplase
24
Q

what is the main teaching for a pt with cardiac disorders (9)

A
  • engage in health promoting behaviors
  • stop smoking
  • stress management
  • manage BP
  • manage serum lipids
  • nutritious diet
  • regular physical activity
  • maintain desirable weight
  • manage DM
25
Q

what is defibrillation

A
  • asynchronous delivery of energy, such as the shock is delivered randomly during the cardiac cycle
  • often used for pts without a pulse
26
Q

what is synchronized cardioversion

A
  • where a synchronized circuit in the defibrillator is used to deliver a countershcok that is programmed to occur on the R wave of the QRS complex
  • procedure with the aim of converting an arrhythmia back to sinus rhythm
27
Q

what is an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

A
  • small battery-powered device placed in your chest to detect and stop abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias)
  • continuously monitors your heartbeat and delivers electric shocks, when needed, to restore a normal heart rhythm
28
Q

an ICD is important for pts who (4)

A
  • have survived SCD
  • have spontaneous, sustained vtach
  • demonstrate syncope with vtach or vfib
  • at high risk of future life-threatening dysarhythmias
29
Q

what is a pacemaker

A
  • an electronic device used to pace the heart when the normal conduction pathway is damaged or disease
  • placed (implanted) in your chest to help control your heartbeat
  • requires a surgical procedure
30
Q

what does a pacemaker do

A

prevent your heart from beating too slowly.

31
Q

what is a temporary pacemajer

A
  • one whose power source is outside the body

NURS 3512 - Class 1-6 (47 decks)

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