Week 5 - Communication Flashcards
How does communication start?
Senders intentions PRIVATE—-> (encoded)—-> senders actions PUBLIC—-> (decoded)—-> effect on listener PRIVATE
Can be interfered by noise
What is the interpersonal gap?
Senders intention are DIFFERENT from the impact upon the receiver
Occurs more often in communication than we realize
MORE LIKELY to occur in CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS (dissatisfaction)
What is nonverbal behaviour?
What are the 3 important functions it serves?
All of the actions/inactions in interactions with the EXCEPTION of words and syntax (order of words)
Fxns:
1. PROVIDES information
2. REGULATES information
3. DEFINES relationships
List some components of nonverbal communication…
Facial expressions
Gazing behaviour
Body movement
Touch
Interpersonal distance
Smells
Paralanguage
Facial expressions are “___________ _________”
True or false. We tend to be better at identifying emotions expressed from our own cultural groups compared to others
In a study the people who had a “______” smile in their yearbook photo were found to have “______” pleasant experiences in the years after. This is also found with “_______ ______” and less chance of a “________”
Universally understood
—————————————————-
True
—————————————————
Larger; more
Living longer; divorce
Because facial expressions are so crucial some people may try to “______” their emotions
This can occur due to “_______ _______”
Name some ways we might modify our expressions…
Mask
—————————————-
Display rules
—————————————-
-intensify (first date may laugh harder)
-minimize (first data may try not to laugh when they spill drink)
-neutralize (playing poker)
- mask (hiding our feelings w/ different emotion- surprise)
Our pupils “_______” when we look at something that “________” us
Dilate; interests
The amount/direction of looking behaviour is IMPORTANT
Ex) can usually tell who straight or gay when showing them naked photos (naked women vs man)
People typically look at their conversation partners “______” when they are “_________”
Listener will look at the speaker “____%” of the time and speaker will spend around “____%” of the time looking at the listener
People of “______ _____” tend to look more while their speaking and look less while their listening (compared to the average person)
More; listening
60%; 40%
Higher status
Body movements can also “______” spoken words entirely in the form of gestures
Men who seem to be good “_______” seem to be more “_____, _______, and ________”
Replace
Can VARY across cultures
POSTURE & MOTION of the body
Ex) nodding if the food is good
Ex) leaning into someone means you are engaged
————————————————————————
Dancers; open, conscientious, and extroverted
What happened in the Tinder profile example where the girl sat more open bodied vs not?
More people swiped “yes” to the expansive posture
Indicated more self-confidence and status
People with long, firm, and long handshakes tend to be more what…?
EXTRAVERTED
OPEN to experience
LESS neurotic
When people’s relationship are more “________” people tend to “______” each other more
What is this associated with?
Intimate; touch
Loving touches are associated w/ HEALTH BENEFITS (mental & physical health
More kissing = reduced cholesterol
More affectionate touch = reduce stress hormone production
More hugs = make you more resistant to cold/infection
What are the 4 zones in interpersonal distance?
- Intimate zone:
- extends from our chest to 1.5 feet
- typically LOVING or HOSTILE - Personal zone:
- 1.5 - 4 feet away
- FRIENDS SMALLER distance, AQUAINTNACES LARGER distance - Social zone:
- 4 - 12 feet away
- interactions more BUSINESS LIKE - Public zone:
- beyond 12 feet away
- STRUCTURED INTERACTION
- ex. Student and teacher in class
French & Latin cultures tend to stand “_______” together
Men tend to stand “_______” distances compared to women
People typically stand farther away from people with “________” status (in comparison to people with lower status)
Spouses who are unhappy tend to stand “______” away from each other
Closer; further; higher; further
Different emotions are associated with different “___________”
Chemosignals
People who are scared tend to have different smells compared to someone who is disgusted
Tend to acknowledge this ^^^ on an UNCONCIOUS level
Ex) emotions in a movie theatre are gonna change depending on what is evoked
Ex) atomsphere in a classroom with exams vs a regular day
People who are exposed to armpit smells from people who are “________” they tend to feel happier as well
Happy
People who are born without sense of smell tend to be at a “__________ __________”
Give an example…
Interpersonal disadvantage
Ex) males born like this tend to have only 20% as many sexual relationships in their lifetime in comparison to males with a typical sense of smell
What is paralanguage?
Includes all of the changes in an individuals VOICE apart from specific words used
Ex)
Rhythm
Pitch
Loudness
Speech rate
Men’s typically use a “______ ______” when they are with their lovers compared to their friends
Women typically use a “_______ ______” ^^^^
People who listen to a laughing recordings are 61% accurate on guessing whether those people are “________ or ______”
Friends tend to have “_______” and more spontaneous bursts of laughter that are irregular volumes and pitch
Lower pitch
Higher pitch
Friends or not
Shorter
True or false. Women tend to prefer males with a higher-pitched voices
False
They prefer deep and low-pitched voices
People with “_________” voices tend to be more “_______” attractive
Appealing; physically
Ex) presidents tend to have deeper voices
Deep voices = leadership
