Week 1 - Building Blocks Of Relationships Flashcards
Humans have a “______ _______ for __________” connection
Strong need; intimate
What are the 7 ways intimacy is different from causal relationships?
- Knowledge (personal histories, likes/dislikes etc…)
- Interdependence (influence of one partner is frequent/strong)
- Caring
- Trust
- Responsiveness
- Mutuality (collaboration, having the same feelings for one another)
- Commitment (invest lots of time & effort)
What is the “need to belong”?
Baumiester and Leary
For healthy functioning…
Need interactions that are FREQUENT and PLEASANT w/ intimate partners that are LASTING and CARING
We only need a “_____ close relationships, ________ over ________”
Few
Quality;quantity
When closely connected with others we tend to live a “_______, _________ and _________” life
Longer, healthier and happier
True or false. People are NOT more prone to weaker immune responses and higher mortality if they lack intimacy in their lives
False
True or false. Individuals who are married are less likely to die from cancer-related deaths in comparison to unmarried individuals (Aizer et al., 2013)
True
Mental health & physical health are impacted on the quality of our relationships
Our need to belong “______ _______ ________” over hundreds of thousands of years
May have evolved
What was the average age of marriage in 1965 VS today?
1965 = early 20’s, 94% of individuals married, typically did not co habit (5%)
Today = late 20’s, ~80% of individuals marry, partners cohabit (75%)
What is singlism?
Prejudice and discrimination against individuals who choose to remain SINGLE and decide not to devote themselves to one romantic relationship
True or false. Singles tend to have a closer relationship with their parents, siblings, friends etc…
True
Although there in a RISE in cohabitation…. Individuals experience more what?
- Conflict
- Jealousy
- Infidelity
- Physical aggressiveness
- Volatile subsequent marriage
How does technology work as a source of change?
Give the definition of technoference and phubbing
Temptation often exists…
To give “precedence to people we are not with OVER people we are with”
Technoference: frequent interruptions of interaction caused by tech devices
Phubbing: partner snubs the other by focusing on a phone
How does sex ratio work as a source of change?
The number of men for every 100 women w/in a particular location
HIGH SEX RATIO: more males than females
LOW SEX RATIO: more females than males
What are the other 3 sources of change?
- Industrialization
- Education/financial resources
- Rise of individualism
What are the 3 types of attachment styles? (review)
- Secure attachment: feelings that others are reliable for sercurity and kindness
- Anxious-ambivalent attachment: feelings that behave in unpredictable and inconsistent ways
- Avoidant attachment: feelings that others are rejecting or hostile
What are the 2 themes underlying attachment?
Outline by Bartholemew
- Avoidance of intimacy
- Anxiety about abandonment
How do inborn differences effect attachment styles?
Personality and emotionally
Genetics
Strongly determine our attachment styles in the future
In terms of sex difference males and females tend to be “_______ _____”
However the range of opinions/behaviours among members OF a sex tend to be “________” in comparison
Quite small; massive
Compare SEX & GENDER differences (definition)
What about gender roles?
Sex differences: biological distinctions b/w males and females that are PHYSICAL in nature
Gender differences: SOCIAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL differences, strongly impacted by CULTURE & UPBRINGING
Gender roles: behavioural patterns that are expected of “typical” males and females
Only around “___%” of Individuals conform to gender role expectations fairly accurately
“___%” of individuals are androgynous
50%
35%
Compare the difference b/w instrumental and expressive traits
Instrumental: “masculine” task-orientated talents
expressive: “feminine” social and emotional skills
BOTH sets of traits often found in the SAME individual
Do gays and lesbians tend to have happier relationships?
Do androgynous couples tend to be happier than heterosexual couples?
YES happier, less conflict, more divided household chores
YES
TRUE OR FALSE. Male/female spouses that are low in expressiveness, their spouse tend to be chronically less satisfied in comparison to individuals that are more understanding and sensitive.
True
TrUE OR FALSE. Traditional males tend to have better quality relationships around the world in both gay and straight relationships.
False
Tend to have lower quality
TRUE OR FALSE. Women who display as much competitiveness and assertiveness as males tend to be perceived as pushy and impolite.
True
Are gender roles changing in America?
Yes
Gender norms are changing in that women are becoming more INSTRUMENTAL
Both genders are becoming more egalitarian
What are the big five traits in personality?
Characterize impact on the relationships that people form
Individuals who are extraverted, agreeable, conscientious, and open to new experiences tend to have happier relationships
What is the most serious/influential trait in the big five?
Neuroticism
People that are more prone to this tend to have more anger and anxiety
Can have the most negative impact on relationships
Our personalities have a strong “________” bases
Genetic
Can change throughout the relationship
Theory on self-esteem argues is a subjective gauge termed a “_____________”
Sociometer
Measures the quality of our relationships with others
What is our self-evaluations strongly impacted by?
By what we think others think about us
This is found globally
Individuals who have a history of insufficient acceptance and appreciation, tend to develop negative self-evaluations, which can lead to……?
LOW self-esteem
What typically happens to people in a relationship with LOW self-esteem VS HIGH self-esteem?
Low = defensively distance themselves and behave in negative ways in response to relational conflict
High = tend to ease in closer to their partners to try to repair their relationships when relational conflict arises
Low self-esteem is “_________” to overcome
Difficult
What are the 3 fundamental assumptions in evolutionary psychology?
1) sexual selection: evolutionary advantage that assists with greater success
2) parental investment: time, resources and overall energy
3) cultural influences: play a strong role in determining whether your evolved patterns of behaviour are adaptive
What is parental uncertainty?
Women are ALWAYS CERTAIN whether a child is hers
Males CANNOT BE CERTAIN on whether a child is his
Males tend to have a preference for a “_______ _________ __________”
Short sexual relationship
Culture may be the “__________” determiner of male and female behaviour
Strongest
Components of a relationship such as trust are a “______ _______”
Fluid process
