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NU FS 223 > Week 5: Alternatives to Agricultural Meat > Flashcards

Week 5: Alternatives to Agricultural Meat Flashcards

1
Q

organizations seeking to reduce conventional meat consumption

A
  • united nations sustainable development goals
    • creating healthy food sysem - reduce meat consumption
  • EAT-Lancet Commission of Food, Planet and Health
    • Planetary Health Diet
    • diminish consumption of unhealthy food
  • Canada’s Food Guide
    • plant-based mostly
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2
Q

organizations seeking to reduce conventional meat consumption

A
  • united nations sustainable development goals
    • creating healthy food sysem - reduce meat consumption
  • EAT-Lancet Commission of Food, Planet and Health
    • Planetary Health Diet
    • diminish consumption of unhealthy food
  • Canada’s Food Guide
    • plant-based mostly
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3
Q

What can we do to reduce to negative impacts of producing and eating agricultural meat?

A
  • eat insects
  • eat plant-based diets
  • eat plant based meat analogues
  • eat lab grown meat
  • low impact methods of livestock production
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4
Q

What does entomophagy include

A
  • includes eating true insects, which are arthropods
    • invertebrates, exoskeleton, segmented body and join paired appendages
    • wasp is true insect
  • Includes eating arthropods species, which are not insects, such as spiders and scorpions
    • scorpion is an arthropod but not an insect
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5
Q

What does not include entomophagy

A

Entomophagy does not include the consumption of arthropods that are crustaceans such as lobsters, crabs and shrimp

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6
Q

benefits of insects

A
  • nutritious
  • environmentally sustainable
  • included in many cuisines
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7
Q

What is cochineal?

A

A type of insect

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8
Q

What is cochineal used for in food?

A

some icecream, yogurt, fruit drinks, cheese, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics are coloured with using cochineal extract

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9
Q

what is the cochineal extract called?

A

carmine

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10
Q

what colours does carmine give?

A

pink, red or purple

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11
Q

What indicates carmine on food labels?

A
  • colour added
  • carmine
  • E120
  • natural colour
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12
Q

What is shellac?

A

Shellac is an edible resin secreted from the lac insect (a scale insect)

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13
Q

What is shellac used for?

A

used as a glazing agent on pills and candies, providing a shiny appearance and protecting food

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14
Q

What does Health Canada permit shellac for?

A

cake decorations

  • unstandardized confectionary
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15
Q

What indicates shellac on food labels?

A
  • E904
  • pharmaceutical glaze
  • confectioners glaze
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16
Q

What is honey?

A

concentrated flower nectar regurgitated by bees

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17
Q

What does Health Canada allow beeswax for?

A

used in unstandardized confectionary

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18
Q

What is royal jelly?

A

Honey bee secretion used in the nutrition of larvae and queen bee

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19
Q

How is royal jelly consumed?

A

it is considered a nutritional supplement that falls under the category of apitherapy

20
Q

What is apitherapy?

A

practice of using bee products such as honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, and bee venom for disease prevention or treatment purposes

21
Q

What is chitin

A

the exoskeleton of arthropods

22
Q

What is chitin used for?

A

chitin and deacetylated chitin (chitosan) are used as nutritional supplements for weight loss and cholesteral managament.

  • not much evidence to prove this
23
Q

chitin is an ______ fibre

A

insoluble

24
Q

Are foods allowed to be sold with insects?

A

yes they are as long as they dont have more then a tolerable maximum value

25
Q

Who is showing interest in entomophagy?

A

large multinational food conglomerates

  • FAO of the UN launched a programme to encoruage the breeding and consumption of insect because it is cheap and ecological way o feed planet population
26
Q

What sort entomophagy did Loblaws add to the Presidents Choice line?

A

cricket powder

27
Q

What does Loblaws say about cricket powder?

A

it is high in protein and has a neutral flavour, making it versatile ingredient for many recipes

28
Q

Where does Loblaws source their cricket powder from?

A

crickets raised by Canadian company

29
Q

What was a finnish bakery the first in the world to offer?

A

in 2017 first in the world to offer bread made from ground crickets at grocery stores

30
Q

What is cricket powder often used in??

A

energy bars

  • sustainable protein
31
Q

Camola Foods

A

Alberta company creating snack foods from insects

32
Q

prevalence of Canadians who do not eat meat?

A

7%

33
Q

How many Canadians want to reduce meat intake?

A

~2%

34
Q

Limited aa for the following foods and a complement

A
35
Q

What are complementary proteins

A

Grains, legumes and other plant foods are called complementary proteins because when you combine them, you get all of the essential amino acids.

36
Q

How many Canadians are willing to eat a plant-based patty instead of a beef patty?

A

~40% say they would

37
Q

What are some asian examples of plant-based meat analogues?

A

tofu and seitan

38
Q

what is tofu?

A

coagulated soybean curds

39
Q

What is Seitan?

A

wheat gluten

40
Q

What is the problem with some meat analogues?

A

can be ultra-processed

  • ones that are meant to mimick beef and chicken use soy protein isolate, soy enzymes or gluten and are typically very high in fats still and lots of sodium so should not be eaten regularly
41
Q

What is cellular meat?

A

Animal protein that is grown from animal muscle cells, either emryonic stem cells or adult stem cells, through tissue culture in controlled laboratory conditions

42
Q

How id cellular meat generally made in the lab?

A

Taken directly from animal via biopsy and out into a growth medium that nurtures the cells with proper nutrients. Cells grow and multiply and strands form miofibrils and once enough are created and stick together there is a meat resembling ground beef. Not really a shape but trying to design a scaffolding such as steak. Sometimes the miofibrils are exercised with electricity to toughen them up and make texture more like meat.

43
Q

Why produce cultured meat?

A

cultured meat offers a safe way to provide meat to a growing human population

44
Q

What are the benefits of cultured meat?

A
  • cellular agriculture is stable and sustainable protein production system
  • eliminates the need to kill animals
  • reduces greenhouse gas emissions, as compared to conventional meat productions
  • reduces deforestation
  • reduces zoonotic diseases, possibly prevently further global pandemics
45
Q

U.S, consumer willingness to try in vitro meat

A

NU FS 223 (36 decks)

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